Rat aversion to sevoflurane and isoflurane

Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie; Nemeth, Geoff; Makowska, I. Joanna; Weary, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2014.12.013

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This result might also indicate that mice adapted to isoflurane exposure, even though isoflurane has been shown to be aversive to mice and rats. 4,24,41 In contrast to our current study, another recent study showed that neither single nor repeated exposure to isoflurane influenced NBA. 15 Vol 59, No 1 Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science January 2020…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of Repeated Exposure to Isoflurane on Nest Building and Burrowing in Mice

Gjendal¹,

Ottesen²,

Olsson³

et al. 2020

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Nest building and burrowing are highly motivated natural behaviors in rodents, and changes in these behaviors can serve as welfare assessment tools. In this study, we investigated: 1) the limits of agreement between 2 observers for a refined scoring method for nest-building behavior; 2) the effect of repeated exposure to 15 min of isoflurane on nest-building behavior; 3) the effect of 24 h of grid-floor housing, repeated exposure to 15 min isoflurane, and daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL 0.9% isotonic saline for 3 d on burrowing behavior; and 4) the effect of exposure to grid-floor housing, isoflurane, and intraperitoneal injections on fecal corticosterone metabolites, body weight, fur status, and sucrose preference in mice. SPF C57BL/6NTac female mice (n = 27) were included in the study and were assessed first for burrowing behavior, followed by 2 wk of rest and then for nesting behavior. The refined scoring method for nest-building activity had good inter observer agreement. According to this method, a single exposure to anesthesia with isoflurane led to a decrease in nest-building activity and sucrose preference; a second exposure to anesthesia with isoflurane had no effect on nest building. Neither grid-floor housing nor repeated exposure to isoflurane anesthesia had any effect on burrowing behavior in mice. In contrast, intraperitoneal injections increased burrowing behavior. In conclusion, a refined scoring method for nest-building activity test that we developed for this study proved to be objective and sensitive to the effect of an initial exposure to anesthesia with isoflurane.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of Repeated Exposure to Isoflurane on Nest Building and Burrowing in Mice

Gjendal¹,

Ottesen²,

Olsson³

et al. 2020

j am assoc lab anim sci

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“…Evidence also indicates that exposure to volatile anaesthetics is a refinement over exposure to CO 2 . In approach-avoidance testing, most naïve rodents choose to remain in a chamber (with a food reward) filling with isoflurane, sevoflurane or halothane until they are ataxic, and some rodents never leave [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Similarly, in aversion-avoidance testing, most naïve rodents tested with these agents remain in the dark chamber until they lose consciousness, rather than escaping to the brightly lit compartment [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Summary Of the Meetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, all available evidence indicates that repeated exposure to the volatile anaesthetics is more aversive than the initial exposure. A series of studies have shown that mice and rats are more likely to escape the test chamber, and to do so more quickly, on second and subsequent exposures to volatile anaesthetics [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In contrast, aversion to CO 2 does not significantly increase on subsequent exposure [ 14 ].…”

Section: Summary Of the Meetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, although the volatile agents can be an important refinement over CO 2 (and anoxia ), these agents cannot be considered ideal; some animals choose to escape the test chamber when exposed to these agents within both approach-avoidance and aversion-avoidance paradigms. The available evidence indicates that isoflurane and sevoflurane appear to be equally aversive to mice and rats, and that halothane is more aversive [ 15 , 16 ]. Most of the literature relates to volatile anaesthetics delivered using a precision vaporiser, but these agents can also be administered using the so-called “drop method” whereby the agent is delivered as a liquid (typically absorbed onto a swab) and vaporised rapidly within the chamber, allowing a much higher concentration to be achieved than the maximum output from a vaporiser (typically 5% for isoflurane).…”

Section: Summary Of the Meetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Good Death? Report of the Second Newcastle Meeting on Laboratory Animal Euthanasia

Hawkins

Prescott

Carbone

et al. 2016

Animals

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Simple Summary: Millions of laboratory animals are killed each year worldwide. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding what methods of killing are humane for many species and stages of development. This report summarises research findings and discussions from an international meeting of experts and stakeholders, with recommendations to inform good practice for humane killing of mice, rats and zebrafish. It provides additional guidance and perspectives for researchers designing projects that involve euthanasing animals, researchers studying aspects of humane killing, euthanasia device manufacturers, regulators, and institutional ethics or animal care and use committees that wish to review local practice.Abstract: Millions of laboratory animals are killed each year worldwide. There is an ethical, and in many countries also a legal, imperative to ensure those deaths cause minimal suffering. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding what methods of killing are humane for many species and stages of development. In 2013, an international group of researchers and stakeholders met at Newcastle University, United Kingdom to discuss the latest research and which methods could currently be considered most humane for the most commonly used laboratory species (mice, rats and zebrafish). They also discussed factors to consider when making decisions about appropriate techniques for particular species and projects, and priorities for further research. This report summarises the research findings and discussions, with recommendations to help inform good practice for humane killing.

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“…Of the 108 full text articles reviewed, 71 articles were excluded as they did not meet eligibility criteria and 37 articles were included. In total, 15 papers were reviewed for mice (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), 21 papers for rats (16,22,23,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48), and 5 papers were reviewed for neonatal rodents (21,(49)(50)(51)(52), with three studies reporting results for both adult mice and rats (16,22,23) and one study reporting results for both adult female mice and their pups (21,(49)(50)(51)…”

Section: Study Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare Impact of Carbon Dioxide Euthanasia on Laboratory Mice and Rats: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background: There has been increased concern about the suitability of CO 2 as a method for euthanasia of laboratory mice and rats, including the potential discomfort, pain or distress that animals may experience prior to loss of consciousness; time to loss of consciousness; best methods for use of CO 2 ; and the availability of better alternatives. These discussions have been useful in providing new information, but have resulted in significant confusion regarding the acceptability of CO 2 for rodent euthanasia. In some cases, researchers and veterinarians have become uncertain as to which techniques to recommend or use for euthanasia of laboratory mice and rats. Methods: The International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine (IACLAM) convened a taskforce to examine the evidence for adverse welfare indicators in laboratory rats and mice undergoing CO 2 euthanasia using a SYRCLE-registered systematic review protocol. Of 3,772 papers identified through a database search (PubMed, Web of Science, CAB Direct, Agricola, and grey literature) from 1900 to 2017, 37 studies were identified for detailed review (some including more than one species or age group), including 15 in adult mice, 21 in adult rats, and 5 in neonates of both species. Experiments or reports were excluded if they only assessed parameters other than those directly affecting animal welfare during CO 2 induction and/or euthanasia. Results: Study design and outcome measures were highly variable and there was an unclear to high risk of bias in many of the published studies. Changes in the outcome measures evaluated were inconsistent or poorly differentiated. It is likely that repeated exposures to carbon dioxide inhalation are aversive to adult rats and mice, based on Turner et al. CO 2 Euthanasia of Laboratory Rodents avoidance behavior studies; however, this effect is largely indistinguishable from aversion induced by repeated exposures to other inhalant anesthetic gasses. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to permit an unbiased assessment of the effect of CO 2 inhalation during euthanasia on welfare indicators in laboratory mice and rats. Additional well-designed, unbiased, and adequately powered studies are needed to accurately assess the welfare of laboratory mice and rats undergoing euthanasia via CO 2 gas.

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Rat aversion to sevoflurane and isoflurane

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Repeated Exposure to Isoflurane on Nest Building and Burrowing in Mice

Effect of Repeated Exposure to Isoflurane on Nest Building and Burrowing in Mice

A Good Death? Report of the Second Newcastle Meeting on Laboratory Animal Euthanasia

Welfare Impact of Carbon Dioxide Euthanasia on Laboratory Mice and Rats: A Systematic Review

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