Avenanthramide C as a novel candidate to alleviate osteoarthritic pathogenesis

Avenanthramide-C Shows Potential to Alleviate Gingival Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis

“…The severity of inflammation and alveolar bone loss associated with LPS-induced periodontal disease is mostly dependent on upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α ( Zhou et al, 2021 ). To address the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of Avn-C on the increased expression of catabolic factors by pro-inflammatory cytokines, we focused on the activation of the related downstream signaling pathways based on previous studies ( Tran et al, 2021 ). The total protein expression and phosphorylation level of three MAP kinases, namely, the ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK, were determined in IL-1β-treated human GF.…”

“…Recently, studies have also demonstrated that Avn-C can restore Alzheimer's disease-associated memory and behavioral disorders ( Ramasamy et al, 2020 ). Moreover, our previous study proposed that Avn-C is an effective candidate for preventing osteoarthritis progression ( Tran et al, 2021 ). It has been reported that Avn-C can inhibit the NF-κB pathway through allosteric binding to IKKβ and subsequent downregulation of COX-2/PGE 2 pathway may represent anti-inflammatory effect of Avn-C in muscle cells ( Kang et al, 2018 ).…”

“…In addition, many studies have demonstrated that Avns can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 by inhibiting NF-κB activation that is responsible for activating the genes of inflammatory response ( Sur et al, 2008 ). Avn-C also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, and MMPs through reduced MAPK/NF-κB activity in endothelial cells ( Guo et al, 2008 ), arterial smooth-muscle cells ( Park et al, 2021 ), and chondrocytes ( Tran et al, 2021 ). Thus, these oat polyphenols mediate the decrease of inflammation by inhibiting the cytokine release.…”

p38-dependent c-Jun degradation contributes to reduced PGE2 production in sodium orthovanadate-treated macrophages

“…AP-1 contains Fos, Jun, and the activating transcription factor (ATF) protein dimers, all of which feature the evolutionarily-conserved basic region-leucine zipper (B-ZIP) DNA binding domain ( 1 , 3 ). The composition of the dimers thereby also determines the sequence elements to which the AP-1 transcription factors bind to, and thus, may regulate specificity and subsequently execute certain distinct biological functions ( 4 ).…”