Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método de mensuração VHS (vertebral heart size) em cães da raça Poodle clinicamente normais

Pinto, Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca; Iwasaki, Masao

doi:10.1590/s1413-95962004000400007

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The ECG parameters were compatible with the references [23,25]. In relation to thoracic morphometry, most of dogs presented thorax intermediate, a common characteristic for healthy dogs of different breeds [7,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Some dogs (females and males) presented higher values for RL VHS, LL VHS and VD VHS in comparison to references (Table 3) [5,10]. The same was reported in Spitz, Labrador Retriever and mixed breed [4], Poodles [20] and Australian Cattle Dog [16]. However, there is no consensus on VHS values for all dog sexes, breeds and physical conformations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

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Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Margarido

Martins

Nunes

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) method sets standards for the evaluation of dog's heart size from the comparison of the cardiac dimension with the length of the thoracic vertebrae through radiographic study. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in veterinary medicine for the evaluation of electrical conduction system of the heart; however, the increase of duration and amplitude of the ECG waves can suggest the increase of cardiac chambers in dogs. The scientific literature presents electrocardiographic and VHS values for dogs of different breeds and sizes; however, there is little information on the correlation of these parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amplitude and duration of ECG waves, thoracic morphometry and VHS values, in order to correlate these parameters in clinically normal dogs. Materials, Methods & Results:Twenty healthy dogs (11 females and 9 males), without breed distinction, medium sized (14.46 ± 2.92 kg) and aged between 1 and 8 years, were evaluated through physical examination, digital ECG (frontal and precordial leads) and thorax X-ray in right lateral (RL), left lateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) projections. Thoracic morphometry and VHS measurements were determined as previously described. Clinical and ECG parameters were compatible with the references in all dogs evaluated. Dogs presented thorax intermediate (75%) with the depth and width ratio (D/W ratio) > 1.0. Some individual VHS values were higher than the references and the mean VHS values in VD projection was higher than in RL and LL projections (n = 20; P < 0.05). Female and male dogs did not differ among the evaluated parameters. A positive correlation was observed between thoracic morphometry and body weight (r ≥ +0.70; P < 0.001) and a negative correlation was found between the D/W ratio and VD VHS (r = -0.62; P < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between the age, ECG parameters, thoracic morphometry and VHS measurements. Discussion: The majority of dogs presented intermediate thorax, a common characteristic for healthy dogs of different breeds. Some dogs had higher VHS values in different projections, when compared to references. The same has been reported by others authors for diferent breeds. However, there is no consensus about VHS values for all sexes, breeds and physical conformations in dogs. In agreement with other authors, the mean value of VD VHS was higher in relation to RL and LL VHS; however, RL and LL VHS did not differ. Positive and significative correlations were observed between body weight and thorax depth, and between body weight and thorax width, confirming that larger dogs had greater thoracic measurements. The thorax type could influence the VHS, when this parameter is determined by VD projection, because was observed a negative and significative correlation between the D/W ratio and VD VHS. So, the dogs with a deeper thorax may have lower VHS values. The correlation between VHS measurements and duration and amplitude of the ECG waves was weak, possibl...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Margarido

Martins

Nunes

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Nesse contexto o exame radiográfico do tórax, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma, são ferramentas importantes e indispensáveis para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e orientação no tratamento das afecções cardiovasculares (ZANDVLIET, 2005;SUTER, 1987). Para evitarem-se imagens com distorções na silhueta cardíaca o animal deve ser posicionado corretamente (PATTON;FAULKNER, 1992;ROOT;BAHR, 1998;PINTO;IWASAKI, 2004). De acordo com Lamb et al (2000), exames radiográficos devem ser realizados no mínimo em duas projeções (lateral direita e ventrodorsal/ dorsoventral) ou para maior fidedignidade são realizadas três projeções (laterais direito e esquerdo e ventrodorsal/dorsoventral).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca, pelo método VHS (Vertebral Heart Size), de quatis (Nasua nasua, Linnaeus 1766) jovens e adultos mantidos em cativeiro

et al. 2013

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ResumoO exame radiográfico do tórax é um método auxiliar de avaliação não invasiva, para acompanhamento da evolução de doenças cardíacas sugerindo prognósticos e orientando tratamentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a silhueta cardíaca de quatis adultos e jovens em relação ao número de vértebras torácicas (VHS), pelo método proposto por Buchanam e Buchele (1995) para pequenos animais. Avaliou-se 20 quatis, separados por faixa etária em grupo I (GI) sendo 8 animais de idade entre 4 e 5 meses e grupo II (GII) com 12 animais acima de 12 meses de idade. Realizou-se radiografias do tórax nas projeções ventrodorsal e laterolateral direita para determinação do eixo maior (L) e eixo menor (S), sendo a somatória de L e S o valor obtido de VHS, a relação profundidade/ largura (P/L) torácica foram obtidas e os resultados determinaram o tipo de conformação do tórax, onde resultados superiores a 1,25cm denotaram tórax tipo profundo, de 0,75 a 1,25cm tórax intermediário e resultados inferiores à 0,75cm tórax largo. Observou-se que o coração está inserido entre o quarto e o sétimo par de costelas, o VHS médio de quatis adultos saudáveis foi de 9,36±0,75 e o de jovens 8,06 ± 0, 595 unidades de vértebras e a conformação torácica predominante encontrada foi do tipo intermediária quando comparada aos cães. Os valores médios deste estudo servirão como base para interpretação do VHS na espécie, contudo um maior número animais pode ser necessário para determinação de limites morfológicos da silhueta cardíaca em quatis.

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“…Our study population of the control dogs and the dogs with MMVD were not homogenous and included different a number of dogs of different breeds, reflecting a general population of dogs attending a veterinary hospital. The effect of breed variability on the echocardiographic [ 54 , 55 ] and radiographic measurements has been studied [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. This needs to be considered when conducting radiographic follow up of dogs with MMVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That study also considered that different breeds might have different normal upper limits. Since then, many breed-specific VHS reference values have been published [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thoracic Inlet Length as a Reference Point to Radiographically Assess Cardiac Enlargement in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Marbella Fernández,

García,

Santana

et al. 2023

Animals

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The diagnostic value of the vertebral heart size (VHS) in dogs with mitral valve degeneration (MVD) is compromised when middle thoracic vertebral anomalies are present. The objective of this study was to assess the use of the thoracic inlet heart score (TIHS) to identify left heart enlargement (LHE) secondary to MVD. The cardiac silhouette of 50 clinically healthy dogs and 106 MVD dogs in different stages was assessed on a right lateral chest radiograph. The TIHS and VHS value were calculated for each patient and compared. The TIHS was significantly different between the control dogs and the dogs with MMVD, increasing with disease stage, control 2.91 ± 0.23, Stage B1 2.98 ± 0.36, B2 3.25 ± 0.34, and C 3.53 ± 0.36, p < 0.05. A THIS ≥3.3 showed 69% sensitivity and 81% specificity to identify LHE. The TIHS showed moderate correlation with the VHS, LA/Ao, and LVIDDN 0.59, 0.42, and 0.62, respectively. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement were almost perfect, 0.96, and substantial, 0.73. The TIHS method can be used to identify LHE secondary to MMVD on dogs’ thoracic radiographs.

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Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método de mensuração VHS (vertebral heart size) em cães da raça Poodle clinicamente normais

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca, pelo método VHS (Vertebral Heart Size), de quatis (Nasua nasua, Linnaeus 1766) jovens e adultos mantidos em cativeiro

The Thoracic Inlet Length as a Reference Point to Radiographically Assess Cardiac Enlargement in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

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