Conflict of interest: non-existent newborns at high risk led to the increased rate of survival with growing interest of health professionals in identifying risk factors of child development [5][6][7] .Hearing disorder in childhood can cause various effects in communication and a number of secondary consequences, such as cognitiveperceptual, emotional, social, educational and intellectual changes, being considered a striking factor, especially in the first years of life [8][9][10][11] . In this sense, it severally restricts children's ability to develop spoken language, since this is the period in which occurs the maturation of the auditory system.Language plays a critical role in the perceptual organization, receipt and structuring of information, learning and social interactions of human being. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association believes hearing loss accounts for 60% of communication disorders.A child with hearing loss, unable to communicate properly, understand and be understood might ABSTRACT Purpose: the objective of this study was to evaluate the level of cognitive, affective and social development of children diagnosed with hearing loss. Method: the study included 50 children diagnosed with hearing loss, with a mean age of 16.1 months, both genders. We applied a semistructured interview with parents for the life history of the child, Scale Development and Behavioral Assessment Scale Reaction Baby Retraction. Results: the study identified 80% of children with bilateral profound hearing loss. Quotient of normal development occurred in 76% of the sample and the most affected functions were language and personal-social. The affective and interactional levels adjustment were characterized by the alarm reactions for personal problems and social interaction. Conclusion: the dephased verbal and nonverbal competences showed implications on cognitive development, suggesting the hearing loss condition and associated risk factors, with limited situational communicative exchanges that promote the development of adaptive skills and increased the selfesteem on the relationships.