Avaliação auditiva na Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as manifestações audiológicas em adultos com HIV/AIDS e comparar os resultados de indivíduos expostos e não expostos ao tratamento anti-retroviral. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica 56 indivíduos com HIV/AIDS de ambos os gêneros, entre 18 e 58 anos de idade, divididos em dois grupos: GEI - composto por 24 indivíduos não expostos ao tratamento anti-retroviral; e GEII - composto por 32 indivíduos expostos ao tratamento anti-retroviral. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se ocorrência de resultados alterados na avaliação audiológica em ambos os grupos, principalmente na audiometria de altas frequências. Em ambos os grupos a principal alteração encontrada foi a perda auditiva neurossensorial. O GEII apresentou mais resultados alterados em todos os procedimentos realizados e maior ocorrência de resultados sugestivos de alterações na orelha média, quando comparado ao GEI. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com HIV/AIDS apresentam alterações auditivas periféricas, sendo estas mais acentuadas no grupo exposto ao tratamento anti-retroviral.

Estudo da função auditiva em indivíduos com HIV/AIDS submetidos e não submetidos à terapia antirretroviral

“…It is important to emphasize that the existing abnormalities may occur due to the action of the virus upon the body, the immunosuppression and presence of opportunistic infections, as well as the action of antiretroviral medication and potentially ototoxic medication (5,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)24) . The specialized literature has shown widely diversified results concerning the occurrence of hearing loss in the population with HIV/AIDS.…”

“…The specialized literature has shown widely diversified results concerning the occurrence of hearing loss in the population with HIV/AIDS. Some studies refer that approximately 21 to 49% of the subjects with HIV/AIDS may present hearing loss (1,(9)(10)(11)(12)21) . The findings presented in our study have shown that for CPTA the results were less expressive than in previously described studies, but the presence of HIV seems to have interfered in the results, as there was higher occurrence of abnormal results in groups when RGI and RGII when compared to CG (Table 2).…”

“…Even though medications are necessary and essential to many patients, providing significant improvements and increase in survival (7) , there are reports in the literature that discuss their adverse effects (8,9) . The involvement of the inner ear, resulting from the action of HIV virus, is mentioned in studies with AIDS patients (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) , which also applies to auditory disorders resulting from use of antiretroviral treatment and ototoxic medication (9,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) , which may lead to sensorineural hearing loss and, consequently, irreversible inner ear damage.…”

Avaliação da saúde auditiva em crianças com HIV/AIDS

“…Studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) suggest that children with HIV are especially vulnerable to hearing disorders. Hearing loss hampers or destroys oral communication, which has direct repercussions on the social and family environments.…”

“…Another study (7) reports a higher prevalence of hearing loss (59.4%) in children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS, in addition to alterations in the central auditory pathways (5,6) . As hearing loss increases in severity, vocabulary, phonological awareness, auditory discrimination, and school achievement declines, and the incidence of articulation difficulties, changes, and omissions increases (10) .…”