Avalanche characteristics of substitution-permutation encryption networks

Heys, Howard M.; Tavares, Stafford E.

doi:10.1109/12.464391

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…It is fulfilled if, whenever a single input bit is complemented, each of the output bits is flipped with a "50%" probability. This concludes that the designed system has a good AE [25] [26] [27]. Avalanche characteristics studies are essential to ensure that a cipher is not vulnerable to statistical attacks.…”

Section: Avalanche Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avalanche characteristics studies are essential to ensure that a cipher is not vulnerable to statistical attacks. The strength of system avalanche characteristics may evaluate the randomness of the ciphertext [27] [28]. If a block cipher or cryptographic hash function does not reveal the desired AE, then it has poor randomization, hence a cryptanalyst can predict the input knowing only the output.…”

Section: Avalanche Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secured Transparent Computerized Voting System performance measurements

Elbarbary¹,

Abdelhady²,

Elbehiery³

et al. 2015

IJET

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In this paper, a multipurpose Secured Transparent Computerized Voting System (STCVS) is proposed. STCVS introduces an improvement methodology to the regular election systems. It could handle electronic ballots with multiple scopes at the same time, e.g., presidential, parliamentary, local, amongst others. STCVS's design warrants well-secured identification and authentication processes for the voter via using voter's digital signatures, certificates. Also, it guarantees voting data protection via encryption. Tallying of the voting counts is achieved automatically; candidates recorded percentages are displayed as charts for the supervision trusted parties. STCVS eliminates counting errors, voting duplication, and vote attack raised in paper-based elections systems. Voting transparency is achieved through the election process steps to assure voting credibility. This is confirmed by a feedback e-mail that the voter receives after finalizing the voting process. In addition, the proposed system saves the huge budget required for authentication devices, Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) that consist similar voting systems. To evaluate the robustness and reliability of the proposed system, performance measurements were achieved by applying the Avalanche Effect (AE) tests. Results of these measurements show the degree of security and the performance of the proposed system.

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Section: Avalanche Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Avalanche Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secured Transparent Computerized Voting System performance measurements

Elbarbary¹,

Abdelhady²,

Elbehiery³

et al. 2015

IJET

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show abstract

“…Nonlinear substitution boxes used in SPN-based and other encryption algorithms have been designed to satisfy properties such as maximum non-linear order, high nonlinearity, low differential uniformity and low bias [20,21]. Satisfaction of these properties has been shown to reflect the strength of the s-box against linear and differential cryptanalysis.…”

Section: Parity-based Concurrent Error Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptographic algorithms are designed to satisfy the strict avalanche criterion [20,21]; even a single bit error at the inputs of an encryption step results in many different erroneous bits at the outputs of the following encryption steps. But, as explained, this property of encryption algorithms has no influence on the error detection capability of the proposed CED method.…”

Section: Fig 3 Analysis Of Fault Detection Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity-Based Concurrent Error Detection of Substitution-Permutation Network Block Ciphers

Karri¹,

Kuznetsov

Goessel

2003

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Deliberate injection of faults into cryptographic devices is an effective cryptanalysis technique against symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. In this paper we will describe parity code based concurrent error detection (CED) approach against such attacks in substitution-permutation network (SPN) symmetric block ciphers [22]. The basic idea compares a carefully modified parity of the input plain text with that of the output cipher text resulting in a simple CED circuitry. An analysis of the SPN symmetric block ciphers reveals that on one hand, permutation of the round outputs does not alter the parity from its input to its output. On the other hand, exclusive-or with the round key and the non-linear substitution function (s-box) modify the parity from their inputs to their outputs. In order to change the parity of the inputs into the parity of outputs of an SPN encryption, we exclusive-or the parity of the SPN round function output with the parity of the round key. We also add to all s-boxes an additional 1-bit binary function that implements the combined parity of the inputs and outputs to the s-box for all its (input, output) pairs. These two modifications are used only by the CED circuitry and do not impact the SPN encryption or decryption. The proposed CED approach is demonstrated on a 16-input, 16-output SPN symmetric block cipher from [1].

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“…In [8][9][10], Heys and Tavares showed that the replacement of the permutation layer of Substitution Permutation Networks (SPNs) with a diffusive linear transformation improves the avalanche characteristics of the block cipher which increases the cipher's resistance to differential and linear cryptanalysis. Thus the main application of MDS matrix in cryptography is in designing block ciphers and hash functions that provide security against differential and linear cryptanalysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Constructions of MDS Matrices from Companion Matrices for Lightweight Cryptography

Gupta

Ray

2013

Security Engineering and Intelligence Informatics

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Abstract. Maximum distance separable (MDS) matrices have applications not only in coding theory but also are of great importance in the design of block ciphers and hash functions. It is highly nontrivial to find MDS matrices which could be used in lightweight cryptography. In a crypto 2011 paper, Guo et. al. We also propose more generic constructions of MDS matrices e.g. we construct lightweight 4 × 4 and 5 × 5 MDS matrices over F2n for all n ≥ 4. An algorithm is presented to check if a given matrix is MDS. The algorithm follows from the basic properties of MDS matrix and is easy to implement.

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Avalanche characteristics of substitution-permutation encryption networks

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Secured Transparent Computerized Voting System performance measurements

Secured Transparent Computerized Voting System performance measurements

Parity-Based Concurrent Error Detection of Substitution-Permutation Network Block Ciphers

On Constructions of MDS Matrices from Companion Matrices for Lightweight Cryptography

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