Availability to Scenedesmus quadricauda of different forms of phosphorus in sedimentary materials from the Great Lakes1

Williams, Jake Ryland; Shear, Harvey; Thomas, R. L.

doi:10.4319/lo.1980.25.1.0001

Cited by 190 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Fe-P is considered to be an easily resolved constituent of sediments, since it may vary with the change of environmental redox conditions (Samadi-Maybodi et al, 2013;Zhuang et al, 2014). Au-P and De-P have a minor contribution to the accumulation of P in the sediment pore water or overlying water due to their low activities in the weak alkaline aquatic environment (Sagher et al, 1975;Williams et al, 1980;Andrieux and Aminot, 1997). OP is a bio-available form of P (Ruban et al, 2001), because it is biogeochemically active and could mineralize easily to primary producers' usable forms of P (Andrieux and Aminot, 1997;Zhuang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Organic Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical forms and seasonal variations of phosphorus in surface sediments of the East China Sea shelf

Zhou

Gao

Yuan

et al. 2016

Journal of Marine Systems

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Geochemical characteristics of phosphorus (P) in the surface sediments of the East China Sea shelf (ECSS) were studied in spring and autumn, 2014. Distributions, seasonal variations, transformations and their influencing factors were discussed. Besides, burial fluxes of P in different seasons were also calculated. Five operationally defined forms of P, namely exchangeable or loosely sorbed P (Ads-P), iron-bound P (Fe-P), authigenic P (Au-P), detrital apatite plus other inorganic P (De-P) and organic P (OP), were obtained using a sequential extraction procedure. Generally, the concentrations of Ads-P, Fe-P, Au-P and OP decreased seaward and the concentrations of De-P increased seaward in both seasons. In spring, the average concentrations of Ads-P, Fe-P, Au-P, De-P and OP were 13.8 ± 5.0, 21.9 ± 7.6, 148.5 ± 44.5, 153.1 ± 55.8 and 91.7 ± 21.5 μg g −1 , respectively. The corresponding concentrations in autumn were 11.4 ± 4.3, 20.0 ± 10.9, 170.4 ± 53.6, 225.6 ± 101.7 and 77.1 ± 33.9 μg g −1 , respectively. The average percentages of P fractions in total P (TP) in spring and autumn were both in the order: De-P N Au-P N OP N Fe-P N Ads-P. The average concentrations of Bio-available P (Bio-P) were 127.4 ± 31.4 μg g −1 in spring and 108.5 ± 47.2 μg g −1 in autumn, accounting for 29.8% ± 7.3% and 21.5% ± 8.2% of corresponding TP, respectively. Seasonal variations of the primary production, hydrodynamic conditions, hypoxia and other environmental conditions were responsible for the seasonal variations of different phosphorus forms. The calculation of burial fluxes reflected that, in most parts of the studied area, TP had relative high burial fluxes in autumn, while Bio-P had relatively high burial fluxes in spring. The burial fluxes of other phosphorus forms also showed different seasonal variations in different parts of the studied area.

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Section: Organic Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical forms and seasonal variations of phosphorus in surface sediments of the East China Sea shelf

Zhou

Gao

Yuan

et al. 2016

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…The non-apatite inorganic P fraction was highly correlated with the amounts of inorganic P extracted by three techniques for estimating "available P" and cell uptake equaled NaOH-extractable inorganic P in several instances. Organic P in the sediments was not utilized by the algae (Williams et al, 1980). Interest in organic P was, however, renewed with the use of 31 P NMR spectroscopy since the 1980s.…”

Section: Ecological Interpretation Of Operationally Defined P Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They therefore suggested several modifications (Williams et al, 1967;1976) as indicated in Table 1. Williams et al (1976Williams et al ( , 1980 used an extraction method with CDB (tri-sodium citrate, sodium dithionite and sodium bicarbonate) followed by NaOH. A subsequent extraction with HCl is supposed to extract Ca-P.…”

Section: Williams Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By measuring uptake of sediment P by algae in culture and extraction by NaOH and nitrilotriacetic acid solutions and by H-resin, Williams et al (1980) tested several extraction schemes on eroding bluff materials and lake and fluvial sediments from the Lake Ontario drainage basin, aiming to determine which of the fractions of sediment P was most available to algae and to relate these fractions to the amounts of P removed by various chemical extractants which had been proposed for measuring "available P". They found that P uptake by the algae was related to the amount of non-apatite inorganic P in the sediments.…”

Section: Ecological Interpretation Of Operationally Defined P Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These P forms determined using sequential extraction procedures are operationally defined and are related to specific reagents and procedures, such as authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFAP) separated from detrital apatite by acetate buffer, i.e., results are interpreted to be related to a specific phase of sediment (although, sensu stricto, it is related solely to a chemical procedure). It has been recognised that the different P fractions are of different significance in terms of ecological meaning, and this knowledge is also updated gradually with the use of new technology or methods: for example, the belief that P extracted by NaOH reflects the P most available to algae (Williams et al, 1980), was questioned by Golterman et al (1996), who stated that ethylene diammine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a P extractant (instead of NaOH) gave more information on the quantity of P available for algae. This paper summarizes the main extraction methods for sedimentary P determination, including Williams method (Williams et al, 1967;1976), Hieltjes-Lijklema method (Hieltjes and Lijklema,1980), Golterman method (Golterman et al, 1982(Golterman et al, , 1995(Golterman et al, and 1996, sequential extraction (SEDEX) method (Ruttenberg, 1992), standards measurements and testing method (SMT) (Ruban et al, 1999 and2001), Penn method (Penn et al, 1995and 1997), Jensen method (Jensen and Thamdrup, 1993Jensen, 1998), discusses the ecological significance of the fractional composition, comments on the inherent problems and applicability of chemical fractionation, and makes a practical recommendation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential extraction procedures for the determination of phosphorus forms in sediment

et al. 2013

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This article summarizes the main extraction methods for sedimentary phosphorus (P) determination. With sequential chemical extractions, P is supposed to be selectively removed from different compounds in the sediments. Extraction schemes using strong acids and alkaline solutions have been tested on different sediments and found not to extract well-defined fractions. In addition, several systematic errors in these schemes have been detected. Thus, these schemes have been modified and simplified accordingly. The Standards Measurements and Testing Program of the European Commission (SMT) method is a popular modification of these extraction schemes, as it is simple to handle, allows laboratories to achieve reproducible results and could provide a useful tool for routine use by water managers. The SEDEX (sequential extraction method) method, another popular modification, is widely applied in biogeochemical research as it can separate authigenic carbonate fluorapatite from fluorapatite. Other chemical extractions using chelating compounds have attempted to extract P bound with iron and calcium in sediments without disturbing claybound or organic P, the purpose being to determine the algal-available non-apatite, apatite and organic fractions of sediment P. All extraction procedures still yield operationally defined fractions and cannot be used for identification of discrete P compounds. Future modifications of the extraction scheme should aim to achieve better extraction efficiency and selectivity, simple handling techniques and methods that can prevent the extracted P from being re-adsorbed onto Fe(OOH) and CaCO3. Abstract: This paper summarizes the main extraction methods for sedimentary phosphorus (P) determination. With sequential chemical extractions, P is supposed to be selectively removed from different compounds in the sediments. The extraction schemes using strong acids and alkaline solutions have been tested on different sediments, and found not to extract well defined fractions. In addition, several systematic errors in these schemes have been detected. Then these schemes have been modified and simplified accordingly. The SMT (Standards Measurements and Testing Program of the European Commission) method is a popular modification of these extraction schemes, as it is simple to handle, suitable to allow laboratories to achieve reproducible results and could provide a useful tool for water managers on a routine basis. The SEDEX (sequential extraction method) method, another popular modification, is widely applied in the biogeochemical research as it is capable of separating authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFAP) from fluorapatite (FAP). Other chemical extractions using chelating compounds have attempted to extract P bound with iron and calcium in sediments without disturbing clay-bound or organic P, the purpose being to determine the algal-available non-apatite, apatite and organic fractions of sediment P. All extraction procedures still yield operationally defined fractions and cannot be used for ide...

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Off‐Site Impacts of Erosion: Eutrophication as an Example

Rekolainen

Ekholm

Heathwaite

et al. 2006

Soil Erosion in Europe

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Availability to Scenedesmus quadricauda of different forms of phosphorus in sedimentary materials from the Great Lakes1

Cited by 190 publications

References 17 publications

Geochemical forms and seasonal variations of phosphorus in surface sediments of the East China Sea shelf

Geochemical forms and seasonal variations of phosphorus in surface sediments of the East China Sea shelf

Sequential extraction procedures for the determination of phosphorus forms in sediment

Off‐Site Impacts of Erosion: Eutrophication as an Example

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