Availability peak of caloric fruits coincides with energy-demanding seasons for resident and non-breeding birds in restinga, an ecosystem related to the Atlantic forest, Brazil

Essential Oils from Fruits with Different Colors and Leaves ofNeomitranthes obscura(DC.) N. Silveira: An Endemic Species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

“…The occurrence of two different colors for a fruit species may increase its dispersal. On another study, Gomes et al [4] concluded that availability peak of caloric fruits coincides with energy-demanding seasons for resident and nonbreeding birds in “Restinga de Jurubatiba” National Park, despite the fact that there was no mention of different fruit colors. In addition, regarding the literature data, we can observe that essential oil from N .…”

“…Such a several physical conditions give rise to a diversity of habitats that are colonized by a great variety of vegetal communities [3]. “Restinga” contains many species in common with the Atlantic forest but presents diverse physiological responses to a drier habitat [4]. …”

What is on the menu for frugivorous birds in the Cerrado? Fruiting phenology and nutritional traits highlight the importance of habitat complementarity

“…Our results about seasonality combined with nutritional profile stress the importance of distinct habitats in providing fruits for frugivorous birds at different times of the year and with distinct nutritional characteristics in the Cerrado. Although community-wide studies about fruit availability and nutritional traits have previously been conducted in some species rich tropical ecosystems (e.g., Wheelwright et al 1984;Gomes et al 2010;Galetti et al 2011), they did not emphasize different contiguous habitats and complementarity. The difference in fruiting peak patterns among habitats, with seasonality in the open savanna habitat and the absence of seasonality in the forest, conforms with previous studies conducted in the Cerrado (Piratelli & Pereira 2002;Batalha & Martins 2004;Oliveira 2008;Melo et al 2013;Brito et al 2017).…”

“…In turn, fleshy fruits are an important resource for animals, such as birds, which are the primary frugivores and seed dispersers in many communities (Galetti et al 2011;Fleming & Kress 2011;Kuhlmann & Ribeiro 2016a). The relative importance of plants for frugivorous animals is strongly influenced by fruit characteristics and fruiting phenology (Fenner 1998;Peres 2000;Gomes et al 2010;Sebastian-González 2017); the latter often being constrained by abiotic factors (Fenner 1998;Mendoza et al 2017). Besides the temporal variation, fruit availability also shows considerable heterogeneity in space (Howe 1984;Levey 1988;García & Ortiz-Pulido 2004;Price 2004).…”

Missing for the last twenty years: the case of the southernmost populations of the Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus (Passeriformes: Mimidae)

“…Although conservation tends to focus on extinctions at the species level rather than at the population level, local populations are the ones that play ecological roles in ecosystems, often providing services and goods to humankind (EHRLICH & DAILY 1993, HUGHES et al 1997, CEBALLOS & EHRLICH 2002. For instance, the Tropical Mockingbird disperses restinga nurse plant species, suggesting that it can be a keystone species in the ecological succession of restinga bushes (GOMES et al 2008(GOMES et al , 2010 in areas like Jurubatiba, where it is one of the most abundant resident species (ALVES et al 2004).…”