Availability of Different Inorganic Salts of Magnesium to Sheep

Cb, Ammerman; Cf, Chicco; Pe, Loggins; Lr, Arrington

doi:10.2527/jas1972.341122x

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rook and Balch (1958) reported that urinary Mg of lactating cows fed a low Mg ration decreased to very low levels before serum Mg decreased below 1.8 mg/dl. The correlation between absorption and urinary excretion of Mg reported by Gerken and Fontenot (1967) and Ammerman et al (1972) would suggest that excretion of Mg in urine reflects availability of Mg in the diet. Kemp et al (1961) found the daily excretion of Mg in urine to be LITTLED IKE AND GOFF a better measure of Mg status than Mg concentration in blood of mature cows.…”

Section: Magnesium Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Interactions of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D that Influence their Status in Domestic Meat Animals

Littledike

Goff

1987

Journal of Animal Science

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Known and possible interactions between Ca, P, Mg, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), vitamin D and its metabolites, and interactions of each of these with other factors plus complexities and possible variations between and within domestic animal species, such as age, sex, physiologic state (i.e., pregnancy, lactation and growth) and diet, make Ca, P and Mg metabolism extremely dynamic and complex. Many advances have been made in understanding these interactions and how each of these factors is controlled, secreted or metabolized within the body. Some interactions among these factors are discussed in detail, mostly with a view to understanding mechanisms by which homeostasis of Ca, P and Mg is maintained. Also, three of the major diseases of mineral metabolism of cattle (milk fever, grass tetany and wheat pasture poisoning) provide excellent models to study the complex soil, plant and animal interrelationships among Ca, P, Mg and the factors that influence and control the ultimate utilization of these minerals in animals. These diseases are used to illustrate some of the interactions among many of the factors that influence Ca, Mg and P metabolism in domestic animals.

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Section: Magnesium Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Interactions of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D that Influence their Status in Domestic Meat Animals

Littledike

Goff

1987

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The discrepancy between studies may be a result of the solubility of the Ca and Mg in the particular mineral sources used. A large amount of variation in apparent absorption of Mg from different Mg oxide sources has been identified in the literature (Ammerman et al, 1972;Van Ravenswaay et al, 1989;Xin et al, 1989). These differences are potentially due to the calcination temperature used in manufacturing and the resulting solubility of Mg (Van Ravenswaay et al, 1989) as well as physical processing of these mineral sources and the resulting particle size (Jesse et al, 1981).…”

Section: Mineral Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in liquid passage rate between source treatments in the current study may have resulted in altered ruminal fermentation. In addition, ruminal Mg supply has been identified as an important component of voluntary feed intake (Ammerman et al, 1971(Ammerman et al, , 1972Chicco et al, 1973) as well as cellulose digestion (Ammerman et al, 1971) in sheep, and decreased Mg supply resulted in decreased DMI as well as decreased in vivo and in vitro cellulose digestion. If the Mg oxide fed in the current study were more ruminally soluble, this may have resulted in unintended consequences for rumen fermentation, such as increased liquid passage rate and fluctuations in rumen Mg concentrations.…”

Section: Dmi and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of source of supplemental dietary calcium and magnesium in the peripartum period, and level of dietary magnesium postpartum, on mineral status, performance, and energy metabolites in multiparous Holstein cows

Leno

LaCount

Ryan

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding different supplemental sources of Ca and Mg in the peripartum period, and different dietary levels of Mg postpartum, on plasma mineral status, performance, and aspects of energy metabolism in transition dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 41) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments starting at 28 d before expected parturition. Main effects were source assignments (CS = common sources of supplemental Ca and Mg, or MA = a blend of common and commercial mineral sources with supplemental minerals primarily from a commercial Ca-Mg dolomite source; MIN-AD, Papillon Agricultural Company Inc., Easton, MD) beginning at 21 d before due date; cows were further randomized within source treatments to 1 of 2 levels of Mg supplementation (LM = formulated postpartum diet Mg at 0.30% of dry matter (DM), or HM = formulated postpartum diet Mg at 0.45% of DM) beginning within 1 d after parturition. Final treatment groups included the following: common source, low Mg (CS-LM, n = 11); common source, high Mg (CS-HM, n = 11); MIN-AD, low Mg (MA-LM, n = 10); and MIN-AD, high Mg (MA-HM, n = 9). Treatment diets were fed and data collected through 42 d in milk. Postpartum plasma Mg concentrations tended to be higher for cows fed HM and cows fed CS, but no effects were observed on peripartum plasma Ca concentrations. Peripartum plasma P concentrations were higher for cows fed MA. Dry matter intake (DMI) in the prepartum period was higher for cows fed MA (CS = 15.9 vs. MA = 16.8 kg/d) and postpartum DMI was higher in some groups depending on week. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were lower for cows fed MA during both the prepartum and postpartum periods. A source by level interaction was observed for postpartum plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations such that cows fed CS-LM had numerically higher BHB and cows fed MA-LM had numerically lower BHB (geometric means; CS-LM = 7.9, CS-HM = 6.9, MA-LM = 6.3, and MA-HM = 7.3 mg/dL) than cows fed the other 2 treatments. Higher milk fat yield, milk fat content, and fat- and energy-corrected yield during wk 1 for cows fed MA resulted in source by week interactions for these outcomes. This study demonstrated that varying supplemental Ca and Mg sources and feeding rates had minimal effect on plasma Ca status despite differences in plasma Mg and P concentrations. Effects on DMI and plasma energy metabolites suggest an opportunity for strategic use of mineral sources in the transition period to promote metabolic health.

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“…Little et al (1958) and Ammerman et al (1971) showed that ruminal cellulose digestion was reduced due to Mg deficiency. The quantity and chemical form (Ammerman et al, 1972) of Mg fed may affect the amount of soluble Mg in ruminal fluid and thus may contribute to the ionic strength of ruminal fluid. Particle size of MgO may affect Mg solubility in the rumen and rumen pH (Xin et al, 1987).…”

Section: Sources Of Magnesium Supplement Dietarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Practices to Overcome the Incidence of Grass Tetany

Robinson

Kappel

Boling

1989

Journal of Animal Science

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To minimize the incidence of grass tetany, winter pastures should be established on soils containing Mg-rich minerals, drainage should be improved on five-textured soils, legumes should be included in the sward and soil pH should be at least 5.5. Liming acid soils with dolomitic lime increases forage Mg by supplying Mg and by raising soil pH. Calcitic lime applications also can increase Mg availability to plants on soils with adequate Mg. Low rates of application of soluble Mg salts (less than 100 kg/ha of Mg) effectively increase Mg uptake from noncalcareous soils with low cation exchange capacity. Potassium levels in soils and plants should be kept in the lower range of recommended values. Nitrogen application should be regulated to provide the desired level of forage production. Nitrogen fertilizers, especially the nitrate form, stimulate plant Mg uptake if Mg is available in the soil. The most practical and cost-efficient method of supplementing dietary Mg intake is to provide free-choice Mg. Supplements must be palatable and placed in locations frequently used by cow herds. Including a high-energy feed in the supplement may at times increase its preventive effectiveness by increasing Mg absorption and reducing lipolysis. Regardless of the supplement formulation, Mg intake should be monitored on a regular basis, and formulation or management changes should be initiated if Mg consumption is below required levels. In severe grass tetany outbreaks, foliar application of Mg or administration of Mg via the drinking water may be warranted.

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Availability of Different Inorganic Salts of Magnesium to Sheep

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Interactions of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D that Influence their Status in Domestic Meat Animals

Interactions of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D that Influence their Status in Domestic Meat Animals

The effect of source of supplemental dietary calcium and magnesium in the peripartum period, and level of dietary magnesium postpartum, on mineral status, performance, and energy metabolites in multiparous Holstein cows

Management Practices to Overcome the Incidence of Grass Tetany

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