Interactions of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D that Influence their Status in Domestic Meat Animals

Littledike, E. Travis; Goff, Jesse P.

doi:10.2527/jas1987.6561727x

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…A homeostase do cálcio é regulada pela a calcitonina, pelo paratormônio (PTH) e pela 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D (Littledike & Goff 1987, DeGaris & Lean 2008. Quando as concentrações de cálcio são menores que o intervalo de referência, como observada nos animais próximo ao parto, ocorre à liberação do paratormônio, que aumenta a reabsorção óssea e ativa a 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D. A vitamina D atua aumentando a reabsorção tubular renal e a absorção intestinal de cálcio (DeGaris & Lean 2008, Taylor et al 2008, Goff 2009).…”

Section: Quadro 4 Valores De Condição Corporal Das Vacas Mestiças Plunclassified

“…A concentração sérica normal de cálcio no bovino adulto se mantém em torno de 8,5 a 10 mg/dL sendo que 45 a 50% estão na forma livre (Littledike & Goff 1987, Larsen 2001, Goff 2004. A variação da concentração de cálcio, principalmente na forma ionizada, não deve fugir deste valor, do contrário ocorrem várias consequências graves para os processos fisiológicos e para a vida, como a perda do potencial elétrico e condutividade de membrana de músculos e nervos (Littledike & Goff 1987, NRC 2001.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A variação da concentração de cálcio, principalmente na forma ionizada, não deve fugir deste valor, do contrário ocorrem várias consequências graves para os processos fisiológicos e para a vida, como a perda do potencial elétrico e condutividade de membrana de músculos e nervos (Littledike & Goff 1987, NRC 2001.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Perfil mineral de vacas mestiças Girolanda no período de transição em sistema semi-intensivo em duas estações do ano

et al. 2015

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Neste estudo foi avaliado o perfil metabólico de vacas leiteiras no período de transição durante o verão e o inverno. Foram utilizados 31 animais pluríparos mestiços girolando em cada estação, totalizando 62 vacas. No verão permaneciam em pasto com suplementação de silagem de milho e concentrado. No inverno, a exigência nutricional era suprida apenas com silagem de milho e concentrado. Foram feitas um total de 11 coletas de sangue de cada animal segundo o seguinte protocolo: quatro coletas pré-parto espaçadas semanalmente, no dia do parto e com 2, 5, 10, 15, 21 e 30 dias pós-parto. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. Todos os analitos variaram em função do estatus fisiológico. As concentrações médias de cálcio e magnésio foram maiores no verão do que no inverno. Em ambas as estações, as menores concentrações médias de cálcio ocorreram próximas ao parto, sendo que 75% dos animais no inverno e 35,48% dos animais no verão estavam hipocalcêmicos. Apenas no décimo dia as concentrações de cálcio voltaram aos níveis do pré-parto, demonstrando que esse tempo é necessário para a adaptação da nova condição de lactante. As concentrações de magnésio foram menores no pós-parto do que no pré-parto nas duas estações, demonstrando a necessidade desse mineral para a produção de leite. As concentrações médias de magnésio permaneceram sempre dentro dos valores de referência, porém 19% dos animais aos dois dias pós-parto no inverno e 7% dos animais aos 10 dias pós-parto no verão tinham concentrações inferiores a esses limites. As concentrações de fósforo sofreram grande variação ao longo do peri-parto, porém sempre em níveis elevados, sendo que 49,8% dos animais no inverno e 37,3% no verão tinham níveis de fósforo acima dos valores de referência

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Section: Quadro 4 Valores De Condição Corporal Das Vacas Mestiças Plunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Perfil mineral de vacas mestiças Girolanda no período de transição em sistema semi-intensivo em duas estações do ano

et al. 2015

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“…II. The "Low calcium principle" (low calcium intake via the feed) is aimed at affecting the calcium absorption in the intestines and the mobilisation mechanism by under-supplying the organism for a period [73,117]. The philosophy behind the "low calcium principle" is based on the fact that there is a homeostatic regulation of calcium absorption.…”

Section: Strategies Of Adapting For Mobilisation and Calcium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Friggens¹,

Andersen²,

Larsen³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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-This paper reviews important aspects of dry cow feeding with emphasis placed on the preparation of the cow for the subsequent lactation. A number of feeding strategies, which have been proposed in recent years, are examined, alongside considerations of the effects of dry period length, levels of body reserves at calving and parity. A number of studies have reported the effect of varying the length of the dry period (in the range 0 to 70 days) on subsequent production and health. An 8 week dry period seems optimal though this should be adjusted to allow for the body condition score of cows at drying off. Avoiding extremes of body condition score at calving is desirable, so condition should be monitored throughout the lactation cycle. Attempting to achieve large changes in body reserves in the dry period has been associated with increased problems postpartum. The feeding strategies that are reviewed are strategies to decrease body mobilisation, prime for body mobilisation, prime the rumen for increased intake, prime for milk protein production and prime for calcium mobilisation and absorption. These strategies are also evaluated relative to their biological basis and reported physiological effects. Feeding high starch feeds in the latter part of the dry period was found not to provide clear benefits in terms of decreasing early lactation body mobilisation or increasing early lactation intake. Strategies aimed at priming the cow for the increased mobilisation of body lipid and body calcium that occurs in early lactation appear more favourable both from the point of view of making biological sense and from the available results reviewed. dry period / feeding / body condition score / dairy cattle / health Résumé -Préparation des vaches laitières à la lactation : bilan des stratégies d'alimentation des vaches taries. Cet article passe en revue les aspects importants de l'alimentation des vaches taries en mettant l'accent sur la préparation de la vache à la lactation suivante. Plusieurs stratégies d'alimentation proposées au cours des dernières années sont examinées, dans le même temps que des considérations portant sur les effets de la durée de la période sèche, du niveau des réserves corporelles au vêlage et du rang de lactation. Un certain nombre d'études ont montré que le fait de * Corresponding author: n.friggens@agrsci.dk 454 N.C. Friggens et al.faire varier la durée de la période sèche (dans une plage de 0 à 70 jours) avait un effet sur la production et la santé lors de la lactation suivante. Une période sèche de 8 semaines semble optimale, quoiqu'elle doive être ajustée en tenant compte de la note d'état corporel des vaches au moment du tarissement. Il est préférable d'éviter des notes extrêmes au vêlage ; l'état corporel devrait donc être surveillé tout au long du cycle de lactation. Les tentatives de vouloir effectuer de grandes modifications du niveau des réserves corporelles pendant la période sèche ont été associées à une augmentation des problèmes postpartum. Les stratégies d'alimentation exposé...

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“…It may be due to larger body size than local. However, a study conducted by [14] reported the greater hypocalcaemia cases in local indigenous goat. In present study, the unable to move was predominant clinical sign in hypocalcemic cattle which is well supported by earlier studies [15][16][17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Clinical Hypocalcaemia in Cattle and Goats at the Selected Veterinary Hospitals in Bangladesh and India

Quader

Islam

Jalal

et al. 2017

OGIJ

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Hypocalcaemia is a metabolic disease of cattle, goat, sheep, buffalo and birdet hypocalcaemia occurs when the level of Calcium in blood goes to down 10 mg/ dl or less. The study was conducted to estimate the proportionate prevalence of hypocalcaemia in cattle and goat and its animal level distribution at Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Chakaria; Shahedul Alam Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong and Madras Veterinary College, India. The study also aimed to describe clinical signs of hypocalcaemia and treatment given for it. Data obtained were analyzed by STATA-11. Hypocalcemic cases were significantly higher in cattle than in goat within study site comparison (UVH: 14% versus 8.3%, p≤0.05, SAQTVH: 20% vs 17.4% p≤ 0.05 and MVC: 20% vs 10%, p≤0.05). Both cross breed cattle and Jamnaparihad more hypocalcemic cases (13 and 11, respectively) than that of local indigenous cattle and goat (5 and 4, respectively). Female cattle and goat had higher cases (11 and13, respectively) than male (7 and 2, respectively). The predominant clinical sign was unable to move for cattle and recumbency for goat. Eleven of 18 hypocalcemic cattle were recovered, whereas 12 of 15 hypocalcemic goats were recovered after the treatment.Keywords: Hypocalcaemia; Proportionate prevalence; Cattle; Goat pupillary light reflection and relaxed of anal sphincter [1]. The potential causes of hypocalcaemia are low dietary Ca and vitamin D supplement, improper ratio of Ca and Phosphorus (P) (2:1) and also imbalance of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin [2,3]. Alkalosis due to excessive cations of Potassium, Sodium, Ca and Magnesium predisposes the animal to milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia [4]. Hypomagnesaemia in periparturient cow also increases the susceptibility of hypocalcaemia and milk fever [5].The prevalence of hypocalcaemia was reported to be 15% in cattle, 9% in goat, 7% in sheep and 12% in buffalo in Bangladesh [6] whereas 10% in cattle, 9% in goat, 8% in sheep and 14% in buffalo in India [7]. The identified potential risk factors associated with hypocalcaemia includes species, age, sex, breed and stage of production period. Cattle were reported to be more susceptible than any other livestock species [2]. Cross breed, female, older animals and lactating animals were commonly affected by hypocalcaemia [3].Hypocalcaemia greatly reduces the milk production, rumenand abomasal motility and increases the risk of abomasal displacement [8]. It also reduces feed intake so that greater body fat mobilization occurs in early lactation [7]. Hypocalcaemia also directly impairs with immune cell responding to an activating stimulus [9].The available treatment options were as follows [10,11] Treatment of hypocalcemia should be given as early as possible, especially if recumbency occurs. The fastest way to restore normal plasma Ca concentration is to administer an intravenous injection of Ca salts.a) The most effective IV Ca dose is about 2g Ca/100 kg body weight (BW) but it is safe to administer the Ca at a rate of 1 g/min. If administ...

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Interactions of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D that Influence their Status in Domestic Meat Animals

Cited by 74 publications

References 65 publications

Perfil mineral de vacas mestiças Girolanda no período de transição em sistema semi-intensivo em duas estações do ano

Perfil mineral de vacas mestiças Girolanda no período de transição em sistema semi-intensivo em duas estações do ano

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Investigation of Clinical Hypocalcaemia in Cattle and Goats at the Selected Veterinary Hospitals in Bangladesh and India

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