Auxin-Sensitive Elements from Promoters of Tobacco GST Genes and a Consensus as-1-Like Element Differ Only in Relative Strength

Zaal, Bert J. van der; Droog, F. N. J.; Pieterse, F. J.; Hooykaas, Paul J. J.

doi:10.1104/pp.110.1.79

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Intriguingly, a number of plant GSTs also bind to auxin (45-47). Animal and plant GST genes are regulated by xenobiotic and hormone cues through nearly identical cis-elements (41,48), thus raising the possibility that transcription factors that control the expression of GST genes may be evolutionarily conserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-induced Stress Potentiates trans-activation by a Conserved Plant Basic/Leucine-zipper Factor

Pascuzzi

Hamilton

Bodily

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The promoter element activation sequence-1 (as-1) confers tissue-specific and signal-responsive transcription in plants. Hormone and chemical stress cues are thought to activate as-1-dependent transcription through specific basic/leucine-zipper proteins, termed TGA factors, that bind this element. We report here that a highly conserved TGA factor of tobacco, TGA1a, can selectively activate transcription in response to micromolar concentrations of auxin hormones or their analogs. This induction is chemically specific, as a range of other compounds tested at similar concentrations had little or no effect. Auxin was found to augment the transactivation potential of TGA1a through carboxyl-terminal residues. The amino-terminal domain of TGA1a, by gain-of-function assays, was found to both constitutively activate transcription and maximize the response to auxin. Further evidence indicates that the trans-activation potential of this domain in TGA1a is repressed, under basal conditions, by carboxyl-terminal residues. Because TGA1a and endogenous TGA factors are stimulated by auxin only at concentrations that inhibited cell growth, this response is likely to involve chemical stress.The expression of nuclear genes in response to cellular and environmental cues is largely regulated by trans-acting factors and their cognate cis-elements. In plants, auxin hormones (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid) promote growth and affect a number of cellular processes. Auxins are believed to mediate at least some of their effect by enhancing the expression of specific genes through target cis-elements (1, 2). The prototype for one class of auxin-responsive element is activation sequence-1 (as-1), 1 which was first identified by Lam et al. (3) in the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35 S promoter. Homologs of as-1 (e.g., ocs and nos), moreover, occur in the promoters of plant-transforming T-DNA genes of agrobacteria (4 -6). Apart from regulating these genes in plants, a broader role for as-1 elements has been suggested by their functional presence in plant glutathione S-transferase genes (7-9). For example, auxin-responsive expression of at least one member of the tobacco GST gene family, GNT35, is mediated by as-1 (8, 9). Unlike other auxin-responsive elements, as-1 requires physiologically high (i.e. micromolar) concentrations of auxins to activate transcription, suggesting that this response may involve chemical stress. This view is further supported by the observation that biologically inactive analogs of auxins are also strong inducers of as-1-dependent activity.Multiple TGA factors that bind selectively to as-1 and related motifs have been cloned from several plant species, and some or all of these factors are likely to mediate as-1-dependent transcription. Based on their amino acid homology, at least three subclasses of TGA factors occur in plants, with multiple members in each class. Heterodimerization between these factors may generate new combinations with potentially distinct functional properties (10). Posttranscriptional regulation ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-induced Stress Potentiates trans-activation by a Conserved Plant Basic/Leucine-zipper Factor

Pascuzzi

Hamilton

Bodily

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Similar results, showing an induction by auxins, SA, wounding, and copper, as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral infection, have been described independently for the tobacco gene str246c , which is identical to Nt114-4. The Nt103, Nt107, and Nt114 genes all contain an as element in their promoter, which is related to the ocs element in the Gmhsp26-A promoter, and it has been shown that the response to most inducers is conferred by this element (Droog 1995, Droog et al 1995b, van der Zaal et al 1996. The potato gst1 gene is specifically induced in a localized manner after infection of host plants with various pathogenic or symbiotic organisms, whereas expression in uninfected plants is confined to root apices and senescing leaves (Strittmatter et al 1996).…”

Section: Regulation Of Gst Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Glutathione S-Transferases, a Tale of Theta and Tau

Droog

1997

J Plant Growth Regul

126

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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the addition of glutathione to a wide variety of substrates. Plant GSTs have been studied mainly in relation to their role in the detoxification of herbicides, mostly in maize. Recently, several gst genes have been isolated as genes that respond to the plant hormone auxin with increased transcription. Pathogen infections and other treatments have also been found to lead to increased expression of gst genes. It is now apparent that different types of plant gst genes and activities exist in most plant species, but their functional relationships and their relationships to the action of auxin are still poorly understood. Here, a historic overview on plant GSTs will be presented. Based on primary sequence differences, a new class of plant GSTs, tau, will be proposed. The possible roles of auxin and oxidative stress in inducing gst genes will be discussed. Hopefully this review will help develop new ideas and stimulate new research to study the functions of the ever growing family of plant GSTs.

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“…47) belong to the immediate early genes, which are transiently induced after 2-3 h of SA treatment. The respective promoters encode as-1-like elements, which are recognized by ASF-1 (48,49). Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Transcription Factor TGA2.2 Is the Main Component of as-1-binding Factor ASF-1 and Is Involved in Salicylic Acid- and Auxin-inducible Expression of as-1-containing Target Promoters

Niggeweg¹,

Thurow²,

Kegler³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

129

131

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TGA2.2 is a major component of either complex, asshown by supershift analysis and Western blot analysis of DNA affinity-purified SARP. Minor amounts of a protein immunologically related to TGA2.1 were detected, whereas TGA1a was not detectable. Overexpression of either TGA2.2 or a dominant negative TGA2.2 mutant affected both SA and auxin (2,4D) inducibility of various target promoters encoding as-1-like elements, albeit to different extents. This indicates that TGA2.2 is a component of the enhancosome assembling on these target promoters, both under elevated SA and 2,4D concentrations. However, the effect of altered TGA2.2 levels on gene expression was more pronounced upon SA treatment than upon 2,4D treatment.

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Auxin-Sensitive Elements from Promoters of Tobacco GST Genes and a Consensus as-1-Like Element Differ Only in Relative Strength

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Auxin-induced Stress Potentiates trans-activation by a Conserved Plant Basic/Leucine-zipper Factor

Auxin-induced Stress Potentiates trans-activation by a Conserved Plant Basic/Leucine-zipper Factor

Plant Glutathione S-Transferases, a Tale of Theta and Tau

Tobacco Transcription Factor TGA2.2 Is the Main Component of as-1-binding Factor ASF-1 and Is Involved in Salicylic Acid- and Auxin-inducible Expression of as-1-containing Target Promoters

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