Autophagy, the innate immune response and cancer

Gerada, Chelsea; Ryan, Kevin M.

doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12774

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Autophagy describes a conserved cellular process that degrades the damaged and mutated cytoplasmic materials by lysosomes so as to maintain the cellular homeostasis under physiological or pathological conditions (Jiang and Mizushima, 2014 ). Previous studies have revealed that autophagy played various roles in different stages of HCC development (Gerada and Ryan, 2020 ). Several autophagy-related genes (ARGs), such as LC3 and ULK1, have become emerging biomarkers to predict the prognosis of HCC (Wu et al, 2018 ; Meng et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Five-Autophagy-Related-lncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Deng

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Although great progresses have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its prognostic marker remains controversial. In this current study, weighted correlation network analysis and Cox regression analysis showed significant prognostic value of five autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (AR-lncRNAs) (including TMCC1-AS1, PLBD1-AS1, MKLN1-AS, LINC01063, and CYTOR) for HCC patients from data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. By using them, we constructed a five-AR-lncRNA prognostic signature, which accurately distinguished the high- and low-risk groups of HCC patients. All of the five AR lncRNAs were highly expressed in the high-risk group of HCC patients. This five-AR-lncRNA prognostic signature showed good area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.751) for the overall survival (OS) prediction in either all HCC patients or HCC patients stratified according to several clinical traits. A prognostic nomogram with this five-AR-lncRNA signature predicted the 3- and 5-year OS outcomes of HCC patients intuitively and accurately (concordance index = 0.745). By parallel comparison, this five-AR-lncRNA signature has better prognosis accuracy than the other three recently published signatures. Furthermore, we discovered the prediction ability of the signature on therapeutic outcomes of HCC patients, including chemotherapy and immunotherapeutic responses. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene mutation analysis revealed that dysregulated cell cycle pathway, purine metabolism, and TP53 mutation may play an important role in determining the OS outcomes of HCC patients in the high-risk group. Collectively, our study suggests a new five-AR-lncRNA prognostic signature for HCC patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Five-Autophagy-Related-lncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Deng

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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“…Other genes of the innate immune response are upregulated together with SBSN transcripts, for example, S100A family representatives. Innate immune response accompanies early stages of tumour development associated with microenvironment remodelling and a dysregulated immune response [ 97 ]. Note, MDSCs-driven aberrant innate immune response in MDS BM contributes to the disease pathogenesis [ 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suprabasin—A Review

Přibyl

Hodný

Kubíková

2021

Genes

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Among the ~22,000 human genes, very few remain that have unknown functions. One such example is suprabasin (SBSN). Originally described as a component of the cornified envelope, the function of stratified epithelia-expressed SBSN is unknown. Both the lack of knowledge about the gene role under physiological conditions and the emerging link of SBSN to various human diseases, including cancer, attract research interest. The association of SBSN expression with poor prognosis of patients suffering from oesophageal carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and myelodysplastic syndromes suggests that SBSN may play a role in human tumourigenesis. Three SBSN isoforms code for the secreted proteins with putative function as signalling molecules, yet with poorly described effects. In this first review about SBSN, we summarised the current knowledge accumulated since its original description, and we discuss the potential mechanisms and roles of SBSN in both physiology and pathology.

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“…Tumor stage-dependent dual role of autophagy might be explained in some models by hypoxia-triggered switches involving proteins, such as RAC3 (49). Moreover, autophagy was involved in various tumor progression-and metastasisassociated phenomena, including cell cycle regulation, stem cell behavior, extracellular matrix interactions, EMT, anoikis, tumor cell-stroma interactions, angiogenesis, immune responses and treatment resistance (50)(51)(52)(53)(54). In line with these observations, a number of autophagy genes and proteins show tumor suppressor or oncogenic activities (45,55,56).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Mammalian Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy and Cancer Dormancy

et al. 2021

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Metastasis and relapse account for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Most metastatic lesions are micro metastases that have the capacity to remain in a non-dividing state called “dormancy” for months or even years. Commonly used anticancer drugs generally target actively dividing cancer cells. Therefore, cancer cells that remain in a dormant state evade conventional therapies and contribute to cancer recurrence. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer dormancy are not fully understood. Recent studies indicate that a major cellular stress response mechanism, autophagy, plays an important role in the adaptation, survival and reactivation of dormant cells. In this review article, we will summarize accumulating knowledge about cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer dormancy, and discuss the role and importance of autophagy in this context.

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Autophagy, the innate immune response and cancer

Cited by 60 publications

References 120 publications

Identification of a Five-Autophagy-Related-lncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Identification of a Five-Autophagy-Related-lncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Suprabasin—A Review

Autophagy and Cancer Dormancy

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