Autonomic control of the urogenital tract

Role of Estrogens in the Size of Neuronal Somata of Paravaginal Ganglia in Ovariectomized Rabbits

“…Pelvic neurons comprise a heterogeneous population as supported by studies conducted in other mammal species [1]. For the case of paravaginal ganglia, it has been reported that most of their neurons are cholinergic (ChAT-positive) [7] that, likely, receive an important input from pelvic nerves [52].…”

“…The pelvic plexus supplies most of the autonomic innervation that receives the lower urogenital tract in vertebrates [1]. Childbirth has been postulated as a source of variability of the pelvic plexus that may lead to some urological and gynecological symptoms [2–4].…”

Distribution of galanin receptors in the human eye

“…Amongst those, galanin (GAL) has been introduced already some decades ago (Tatemoto et al, 1983), consisting of 29 aminoacids, (30 aminoacids in humans) and found in many species (Lang et al, 2015) in the central as well as peripheral nervous system. Galanin takes part in many aspects of autonomic control (Jobling, 2011;Shanks and Herring, 2013;von Rosenvinge and Raufman, 2010), and it is a key player in developmental processes (Zaben and Gray, 2013). It is also involved in many pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and some forms of epilepsia as well as cerebral ischemia/stroke and several forms of psychiatric disorders (for review see (Lang et al, 2015).…”

The influence of intravesical administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) on the chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder

“…Although the sympathetic noradrenergic innervation of the urinary bladder arises from different sources (for review see : Jobling 2011;de Groat and Wickens 2013), it has already been proven that in females sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) provide a great (or maybe the greatest) contribution to the bladder noradrenergic nerve supply (Vera and Nadelhaft 1992;Lepiarczyk et al 2015).…”

“…Undisturbed transmission in the autonomic nerves supplying the urinary bladder wall is essential for the proper urine storage processes (for review see : Jobling 2011). The main function of the parasympathetic innervation of this organ is triggered by the acetylcholine (ACh) released from the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.…”