Automotive Wheels, Method and Procedure for Optimal Design and Testing

Evaluation of fatigue life of aluminum alloy wheels under radial loads

“…Based on these test results the wheel design is further modified for high strength and less weight, if required. Grubisic and Fisher [2] have reported earlier in the literature that testing alone without the aid of stress analysis will not yield the optimum wheel design. Hsu et al [3] described a probability based model for prediction of fatigue failure of aluminum disc wheels, which intended to better link the prediction of life using simulation results with historical data.…”

Measurement and analysis of wheel loads for design and fatigue evaluation of vehicle chassis components

“…Interested readers may find details about these tasks in Refs [1,2,10]. For this (a) all relevant load configurations resulting from manoeuvres and straight-ahead driving, (b) the load amplitudes and (c) the frequency of their occurrence within a certain service life must be taken into consideration.…”

“…Note here that Refs [1,2] elaborated useful relationships to approximate the maximum load amplitudes as a function of the nominal payload for various values of probability of occurrence, which can be used at a very early stage of development when no prototype vehicles are available. Determination of the maximum remote load amplitude L a and the load ratio R L min /L max , derived from the nominal payload and the load maxima and minima for every driving event.…”

“…1,2 Straight-ahead driving over potholed roads yield longitudinal forces acting on both longitudinal control arms with similar magnitude and a phase angle of approximately 1808. The correlations determined are in good accordance with corresponding approximation data reported in the literature.…”

Air Tightness Control of Passenger Car Wheels

“…To prove the wheel durability, standardized tests like "rotating bending test" (for approval of the wheel disc), "rim roll test" (for approval of wheel rim) and "test under service-like loading in the biaxial test facility" (for approval of the entire wheel) are used; to approve the strength of light cast alloy wheels under special event loading, like hitting a curbstone, also the tests under impact load-ing must be made [1]- [7]. All these tests including the X-ray inspection of wheels, guarantee the safety requirements for the wheel as a vital vehicle component as required in specification or standards like ISO 3006 and 7141; SAE J328, J2562 and J267; Guidelines of German TÜV and AK Wheels; CNS 7135 [5]; JASO C614 [6]; etc.…”