Automotive Radar — From First Efforts to Future Systems

Waldschmidt, Christian; Hasch, Jürgen; Menzel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1109/jmw.2020.3033616

Cited by 319 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In the following a chirp-sequence frequency modulated continuous wave (CS-FMCW) radar sensor is assumed to be the radar under test. While the general concept for the DoA simulation is not restricted to CS-FMCW radars, this article focuses on radars employing the CS-FMCW modulation, since this is the state-of-the-art waveform in the automotive industry [1]. The system concept is based on N distributed target elements (TE) that are placed around the CS-FMCW radar sensor.…”

Section: System Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Schoeder¹,

Janoudi²,

Meinecke³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Microw.

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In order to simulate realistic traffic scenarios, a radar target simulator must be able to generate multiple radar targets with different directions of arrival. The presented concept is able to generate an arbitrary amount of targets with individual directions of arrival for the radar under test. By measuring the radar channel, the novel approach enables target simulators to simulate arbitrary directions of arrival, while minimizing the required hardware. The optimum setup is derived for radars with a uniform linear receive antenna array. The compensation of placement errors for automotive chirp-sequence frequency modulated continuous wave radars is demonstrated. Finally, the calibration for the setup is provided, and the performance of the presented approach is validated.INDEX TERMS Automotive radar, chirp-sequence modulation, direction of arrival, FMCW radar, radar target simulator.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.

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Section: System Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usage of radar sensors in automotive applications is rapidly increasing [1]. The robustness offered by radar detection makes the employment for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) highly attractive [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Schoeder¹,

Janoudi²,

Meinecke³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Microw.

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“…Imaging radar sensors are used in a wide range of applications as they provide accurate information of range, velocity, and direction-of-arrival (DoA) of the targets [1]- [4]. The radars in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and other automotive applications operate in the 77/79 GHz frequency band and employ the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) principle [5]- [7]. In order to be able to perform DoA estimations, phase coherence and therefore a constant phase relationship between the hardware channels must be ensured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Performance of a Scalable 79 GHz Imaging MIMO Radar With Injection-Locked LO Feedthrough

Schwarz¹,

Meyer²,

Dürr³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Microw.

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The estimation of the direction-of-arrival in a coherent multi-channel radar system requires the distribution of the high-frequency local oscillator signal to all hardware channels. Various system concepts with distribution network or feedthrough topologies are established. While distribution networks are bulky and costly, the time delays in systems with a feedthrough topology cause systematic errors in the range evaluation. In this work, a system concept based on an injection-locked feedthrough and the related radar system analysis is presented. The disadvantage of time delays in common feedthrough architectures can be eliminated by a hardware correction using the phase shifting capabilities of the injection-locked oscillator. In addition, two software correction algorithms are presented and analyzed. The performance of the realized system is shown by radar measurements and direction-of-arrival estimations. It is proven that the phase noise of different injection-locked oscillators is fully correlated within the radar system which results in the same detection performance as in state-of-the-art radar systems using a signal distribution network. Thus, the injection-locked feedthrough imaging radar topology is a suitable concept of realizing flexible radar frontends without bulky distribution networks.INDEX TERMS Automotive radar, chirp sequence modulation, coherency, direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), injection-locking, imaging radar, local oscillator (LO) feedthrough, mm-wave, monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO), phase noise correlation, time delay correction.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.

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“…I T is a major goal of current radar research to improve radar sensors in their angular performance. A field where this is of particular importance are advanced driver assistance systems and ultimately autonomous driving [1]. Most efforts take place in the digital domain as the relation between array aperture size and angular resolution sets physical limitations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Switchable Biomimetic Antenna Array

Dorsch¹,

Schwarz²,

Waldschmidt³

2021

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Biomimetic antenna arrays inspired by the fly Ormia ochracea showed a promising improvement of the angle estimation capabilities of radar sensors. So far, there is usually a loss of output power associated with this improvement decreasing the detectability of weak radar targets. In this paper, an electronically switchable two-element biomimetic antenna array is presented for the first time. This array provides the possibility to switch between a biomimetic antenna mode with enhanced phase sensitivity and a conventional antenna mode with better SNR. Circuit requirements are discussed, the design process is described, and a realization in the 77-GHz range using PIN diodes as switching elements is presented. Radar measurements verify the concept. By switching, the phase sensitivity of the realized array can be enhanced by a factor of 3 with a relative power loss of maximum 14 dB.Index Terms-Biologically-inspired antennas, Biomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs), Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation, Millimeter wave antenna arrays, Switched circuits.

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Automotive Radar — From First Efforts to Future Systems

Cited by 319 publications

References 111 publications

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

System Performance of a Scalable 79 GHz Imaging MIMO Radar With Injection-Locked LO Feedthrough

A Switchable Biomimetic Antenna Array

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