Automatic transmission fluid compatibility with nylon components by thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetry

Riga, Alan T.; Patterson, Gerald H.; Pistillo, W. Rocco; Scharf, Christiane; Ward, William C.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(93)80238-6

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…Formulation of ATF through the upgrading of the hydrofinished LDWO using additives: Automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) are the most important lubricating oils in many purposes, including heat dissipation, wear protection, lubrication from inhibition and shift transmission. It is usually produced through the upgrading of the hydrofinished LDWO using additives [39,40] .…”

Section: Effect Of Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (Lhsv) On the Hydrofimentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Light Dewaxed Oil through Hydrofinishing and Additives Blending for Producing Automatic Transmission Fluid

Gohar¹,

El-Gayar²

2006

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Light dewaxed oil was produced through dewaxing process of the light waxy distillate raffinate of crude oil from Western Desert of Egypt using methyl ethyl ketone/toluene mixed solvent. Hydrofinishing process was used to remove the non-hydrocarbon constituents and to improve the physicochemical properties of the produced oils such as color, viscosity index, inhibition responses, oxidation and thermal stability. The operating parameters which affected the quality of the hydrofinished oils were studied separately at different values that including reactor temperature, reactor pressure, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio. The optimum operating conditions to be adopted for producing high quality automatic transmission fluid base oil were reactor temperature 290 ^oC, pressure 130kg cmˉ², liquid hourly space velocity 0.4 hˉ¹ and hydrogen/hydrocarbon ratio 800 Nm³ Mˉ³. The effect of changing hydrofinishing temperature and liquid hourly space velocity on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions as well as their thermodynamic parameters were estimated. Calculations of activation energy (Ea) and free energy of activation (ΔG) indicated that HDS was easier to occur than HDN and these reactions are more faster at higher temperatures. The effect of commercial and formulated additives on the quality of the hydrofinished oil was also studied. Automatic transmission fluid possessing the Dexron IID specification was produced by adding 7 wt% from Infenium T442 additive or by adding 9 wt% from Lubrizol ® 6701 D additive to the hydrofinished light dewaxed oil. Oils with the same efficiency were also produced using a formulated additive containing 4% viscosity index improver, 1.5% anti-oxidant and 1% anti-wear. The effect of increasing Infenium T442, Lubrizol R 6701 D and formulated additive percents on the protection efficiency of the automatic transmission fluid was studied through AC impedance technique. According to this technique, the effect of these additives on the corrosion rate of carbon steel coupons can be negligible.

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Section: Effect Of Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (Lhsv) On the Hydrofimentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Light Dewaxed Oil through Hydrofinishing and Additives Blending for Producing Automatic Transmission Fluid

Gohar¹,

El-Gayar²

2006

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Origin of deterioration in mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 composites by aqueous ethylene glycol solution

Hong¹,

Dhevi²,

Lee³

et al. 2007

Polymer Composites

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Glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 (GFNY66) composites widely used for automotive applications undergo degradation when repeatedly exposed to aqueous ethylene glycol (EG) solution, resulting in significantly reduced mechanical properties. Hence, it is important to clearly understand the degradation and hydrogen bond breaking mechanism of nylon 6,6 (NY66) and interfacial failure mechanism in GFNY66 (when exposed to aqueous EG solution) in order to improve the mechanical properties of recycled NY66. From ATR-IR spectra of NY66 immersed in aqueous EG solution at 1088C for varying intervals of time, the shifting of amide-I band (n C¼ ¼O ) at 1640 cm À1 towards lower frequency with increasing immersion time may be attributed to the breakage of intra-and intermolecular H-bonding between amides in NY66 followed by the new formation of H-bonding between amide group in NY66 and hydroxyl group in the absorbed EG. GPC data revealed the reduction in molecular weight due to the absorption of EG into NY66 matrix leading to chain scission of NY66. GFNY66 samples treated with aqueous EG solution exhibited pronounced deterioration in mechanical properties because of the interfacial failure between glass fiber and NY66 matrix as well as molecular weight reduction caused by the absorbed EG solution. POLYM. COMPOS.,

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Deterioration in mechanical properties of glass fiber‐reinforced nylon 6,6 composites by aqueous calcium chloride mixture solutions

et al. 2008

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In this article, nylon 6,6 (NY66) and glass fiber‐(30 wt%) reinforced NY66 (GFNY66) specimens were immersed in various aqueous calcium chloride (aq. CaCl2) mixture solutions at different thermal conditions for varying intervals of time, and analyzed using attenuated total reflection‐infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and mechanical studies. ICP data revealed increasing concentration of absorbed Ca2+ ions with increasing immersion time resulting in disruption of intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonding as confirmed using ATR‐IR results. From EDX data, the ratio of Ca2+ and Cl− ions absorbed by NY66 was calculated and found to follow its stoichiometric equivalence. GPC data exhibited less reduction in Mn and Mw for aq. CaCl2‐treated NY66 specimens suggesting the absence of any significant chemical degradation, but the occurrence of only physical changes involving H‐bond breakage and the formation of new CO···Ca2+ dative bond in NY66 matrix. The mechanical properties of GFNY66 samples treated with various types of aq. CaCl2 solutions exhibited pronounced deterioration, possibly due to the interfacial failure between glass fiber and NY66 matrix. The results obtained from this study were quite useful toward understanding the degradation mechanism in NY66 and GFNY66 caused by various aq. CaCl2 mixture solutions, and will be helpful in improving the mechanical properties of recycled NY66. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Automatic transmission fluid compatibility with nylon components by thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetry

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Upgrading of Light Dewaxed Oil through Hydrofinishing and Additives Blending for Producing Automatic Transmission Fluid

Upgrading of Light Dewaxed Oil through Hydrofinishing and Additives Blending for Producing Automatic Transmission Fluid

Origin of deterioration in mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 composites by aqueous ethylene glycol solution

Deterioration in mechanical properties of glass fiber‐reinforced nylon 6,6 composites by aqueous calcium chloride mixture solutions

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