“…For example, Gösseln and Sester () used the ratio of overlapping area to find corresponding polygonal objects; Tong, Liang, and Jin () improved the Hausdorff distance (Deng, Li, & Chen, ) between two polylines to match road networks. Other geometric measures, such as size, direction, shape, and length, have also been employed in the works of Tong, Shi, and Deng (), Zhang et al (), Ruiz‐lendinez, Ariza‐lopez, and Ureña‐cámara (), and Wang, Chen, Zhao, Ren, and Du (). Among these geometric measures, the ratio of the overlapping area between two polygonal objects is associated with size, direction, and shape (Winter, ; Wang, Tang, Qiu, & Wang, ); thus, it is considered an effective metric to measure similarity (Qi, Li, & Chen, ; Revell & Antoine, ).…”