2020
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238956
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Automatic image annotation method based on a convolutional neural network with threshold optimization

Abstract: In this study, a convolutional neural network with threshold optimization (CNN-THOP) is proposed to solve the issue of overlabeling or downlabeling arising during the multilabel image annotation process in the use of a ranking function for label annotation along with prediction probability. This model fuses the threshold optimization algorithm to the CNN structure. First, an optimal model trained by the CNN is used to predict the test set images, and batch normalization (BN) is added to the CNN structure to ef… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Semiautomated labeling tasks [25,26] for large-scale datasets in different domains are increasingly gaining attention, with potential to nudge humans and assume the supervision role of filtering, selecting, and updating to ease the tedious (and repetitive) labeling burden. Moreover, automated labeling tasks [27,28] hold potential to eliminate human-in-the-loop based on some predefined model of classes. Zhou et al [27] affirm that fully automated labeling has the propensity to yield better results than manual image labels, as the latter is always subject to human bias and error.…”
Section: Choosing Appropriate Label and Ground Truth Definitionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Semiautomated labeling tasks [25,26] for large-scale datasets in different domains are increasingly gaining attention, with potential to nudge humans and assume the supervision role of filtering, selecting, and updating to ease the tedious (and repetitive) labeling burden. Moreover, automated labeling tasks [27,28] hold potential to eliminate human-in-the-loop based on some predefined model of classes. Zhou et al [27] affirm that fully automated labeling has the propensity to yield better results than manual image labels, as the latter is always subject to human bias and error.…”
Section: Choosing Appropriate Label and Ground Truth Definitionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, it is an even higher time-consuming task for large databases, therefore automatic annotation procedures are being developed. Thus, other conventional machine learning methods and deep learning procedures are used to automatically annotate images ( Murthy et al, 2015 ; Cao et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Novel Diagnostic Tools By Using Image Analysis Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the realm of remote sensing, it is important to annotate scene images with multiple labels in order to comprehend the images [12,13]. Qi et al (2020) constructed a multi-label high spatial resolution dataset to understand well about semantic scene images with deep learning approach from the overhead perspective.…”
Section: State Of the Artmentioning
confidence: 99%