Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources using Soft D Computing Technique

Abstract

With the emerging technologies the requirement of clean and sustainable energy has become a challenge for the Electrical Engineers in their day to day life. Recent studies suggest that in the next five decades, large portion of the NonRenewable sources accessible will be diminishing. This is the prime concern for attracting the attention for the enhancement in the performance of the renewable energy sources which abundantly exist in the nature. Wind, solar photovoltaic, and solar thermal power systems are emerging renewable technologies that can be developed as a viable option for the future generation of electrical energy. In this paper, we have considered an autonomous hybrid generation system consisting of Wind turbine generator (WG), solar photovoltaic (S-PV), diesel generator(DG),fuel cell(FC), battery energy storage system (BES), solar thermal power system(STPS) and aqua electrolyzer (AE) for simulation studies. In the power system, the frequency deviations are generally due to deviations in load or generation or both. The comparative performance of the controllers installed to alleviate this frequency deviation for different hybrid systems, is carried out using time domain simulations. In practical, tuning of PI and PID controllers is challenging and time consuming. With the introduction of computational intelligence has opened a new pathway for advanced new generation control process. Here, PSO is used as the optimization method to determine the controller gains for the proposed hybrid system. I. INTRODUCTIONIn the present trends, Electricity plays a vital role in all the aspects of human life. With increasing trends in technology demands more power to be generated through fossil fuel. Thus this increase in power demand leads to ecological imbalance such as increase in carbon emission and global warming. These shifting trends of technology required the necessity for clear, ecofriendly and sustainable energy. Research shifted to the alternative generation sources which are available abundantly in nature such as wind, solar, geo-thermal, tidal, bio-mass, are some of the sustainable green energy sources. Among all the available renewable sources wind and solar are more trending as they have high potential and good efficiency with considerable cost when compared to others. Fuel cell and ultra-capacitors also exhibit similar characteristics and can be considered as green sustainable sources for the future. It is known, that not all the systems can be connected to the grid, some located far form generation stations are to be maintained offgrid. Single source systems such as solar photovoltaic, wind generators, micro-hydro systems, diesel generators, or a combination of above systems called as hybrid generation system are use for delivering the load demand. The hybrid system not only delivers load demand but also includes energy storage systems in the form of batteries. Through this system we can deliver both AC and DC power. Thus, by using proper equipment we regulate the overall performance of the...

On Deregulated Power System AGC with Solar Power

“…The system efficiency is 13%. The efficiency of collector and heat exchanger system is of 70% till date [6].…”

“…The best performance of the PV system is expected at the V-P curve's peak point. To track the maximum power point where maximum output occurs can be calculated using different maximum power point tracker (MPPT) techniques as explained in [6]. For the given irradiance and cell surface temperature, the output power that varies is given as (11) where, η= PV array efficiency (9-12%) s = PV array measured area (4084m 2 ) f = Solar radiation (kW/m 2 ) = Ambience temperature in degree Celsius…”

“…The DISCO participation matrix (DPM) and GENCO participation matrix (GPM) are presented in [5]. In [6], autonomous hybrid generation system consisting of solar photovoltaic [7], solar thermal system, wind turbine generator, battery storage system, diesel generator, aqua electrolyzer and fuel cell is used for the simulation.…”

“…For the reliable and effective interconnected power systems secondary controllers such as PID, PI-PD [8] and ADRC [13] are used for automatic generation control. There are many techniques for tuning these controllers such as Zeigler Nichols (ZN), Trial and error, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) [6], [10]- [11], [14], Fuzzy logic (FL) [4], Artificial neural network (ANN) [12] and Genetic algorithm (GA) [3] & [12], differential evolution [3] methods.…”