Automatic activation of task-related representations in task shifting

Steinhauser, Marco; Hübner, Ronald

doi:10.3758/bf03195950

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The possible confound among number of task components and number of task switches in the procedure used by Hübner et al was further dissociated in a study by Steinhauser and Hübner (2005). Of interest for the present purposes, in addition to showing the relevance of the number of components, the latter study and a study by Steinhauser and Hübner (2007) also reported a pattern of switch costs quite similar to the one reported here. However, since this was outside the scope of the present study, the appropriate contrasts to achieve a clear conclusion have not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

On the representation of task information in task switching: Evidence from task and dimension switching

2008

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Task switching research has revealed that task changes lead to a performance switch cost. The present study focuses on the organization of task components in the task set. Three different views of task set organization have been distinguished and evidence in favor of each of these has been reported in the literature. In four experiments, we orthogonally varied the categorization task (magnitude and parity) and the stimulus dimension on which the categorization was to be made. Experiments 1, 2, and 4 used Stroop-like number stimuli, whereas Experiment 3 used global-local stimuli to define the stimulus dimension. In Experiments 2-4, the cue-stimulus interval was also varied. The findings showed that a change of any component resulted in a cost, without any reliable difference in the size of these costs. These results are consistent with the flat view on task-set organization, which assumes that the task set binds all elements in an unstructured representation, which is completely reconfigured each time a change to the task set is required. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to other findings and the different views on task-set organization

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

On the representation of task information in task switching: Evidence from task and dimension switching

2008

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“…Moreover, this effect was larger under the parallel than under the serial instruction, and intermediate in the control condition. Because the neutral flankers were not related to any response, this effect is probably due to the activation of a different task set for the flankers-CONSONANT/ VOWEL versus of ODD/EVEN number judging-on congruent trials (Rogers & Monsell, 1995;Steinhauser & Hübner, 2007;Waszak et al, 2003). This indicates that by parallel processing, not only congruency effects between response categories are increased, but also the conflict between the different task sets seems to be intensified.…”

Section: Discussion Of Experiments 2a and 2bmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In the present experiment, two different task sets were used for the target and the flankers. It has been demonstrated that, if stimuli associated with different task sets are presented in a task, interference might not only result from competition between individual response categories, but also from competition between task sets (Rogers & Monsell, 1995;Steinhauser & Hübner, 2007;Waszak, Hommel, & Allport, 2003). By comparing the performance on trials with congruent and with neutral flankers, we intended to investigate the influence of the degree of parallel processing on the task set activation effect.…”

Section: Experiments 2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic capacity sharing between two tasks: evidence from tasks with the same and with different task sets

Lehle

Hübner

2008

Psychological Research

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The goal of the present study was to investigate the costs and benefits of different degrees of strategic parallel processing between two tasks. In a series of experiments with the dual-task flanker paradigm, participants were either instructed to process the tasks serially or in parallel, or--in a control condition--they received no specific instruction. Results showed that the participants were able to adjust the degree of parallel processing as instructed in a flexible manner. Parallel processing of the two tasks repeatedly led to large costs in performance and to high crosstalk effects compared to more serial processing. In spite of the costs, a moderate degree of parallel processing was preferred in the condition with no specific instruction. This pattern of results was observed if the same task set was used for the two tasks, but also if different ones were applied. Furthermore, a modified version of the central capacity sharing (CCS) model (Tombu and Jolicoeur in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 29:3-18, 2003) was proposed that accounts also for crosstalk effects in dual tasks. The modified CCS model was then evaluated by fitting it successfully to the present data.

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“…Mayr and Bryck, 2007). Its drawback, however, was that on bivalent-incongruent trials, the task had to be selected after stimulus onset, which increased the response time and interference (e.g., Rogers and Monsell, 1995; Steinhauser and Hübner, 2007). If we assume that the effects of response inhibition increase with stimulus processing time, then such a stimulus-type dependent task preparation also explains why RR costs in the response times for bivalent-incongruent stimuli were larger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic modulation of response inhibition in task-switching

Grzyb

Hübner

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Residual activations from previous task performance usually prime the system toward response repetition. However, when the task switches, the repetition of a response (RR) produces longer reaction times and higher error rates. Some researchers assumed that these RR costs reflect strategic inhibition of just executed responses and that this serves for preventing perseveration errors. We investigated whether the basic level of response inhibition is adapted to the overall risk of response perseveration. In a series of 3 experiments, we presented different proportions of stimuli that carry either a high or a low risk of perseveration. Additionally, the discriminability of high- and low-risk stimuli was varied. The results indicate that individuals apply several processing and control strategies, depending on the mixture of stimulus types. When discriminability was high, control was adapted on a trial-by trial basis, which presumably reduces mental effort (Experiment 1). When trial-based strategies were prevented, RR costs for low-risk stimuli varied with the overall proportion of high-risk stimuli (Experiments 2 and 3), indicating an adaptation of the basic level of response inhibition.

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Automatic activation of task-related representations in task shifting

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

On the representation of task information in task switching: Evidence from task and dimension switching

On the representation of task information in task switching: Evidence from task and dimension switching

Strategic capacity sharing between two tasks: evidence from tasks with the same and with different task sets

Strategic modulation of response inhibition in task-switching

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