Automated phase-measuring profilometry of 3-D diffuse objects

Srinivasan, V.; Liu, H. C.; Halioua, Maurice

doi:10.1364/ao.23.003105

Cited by 900 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The phase shifting process is conducted by a software-controlled process instead of a physical movement process. This approach is superior to the traditional methods [10][11][12][13] that generally perform inaccurate phase shifting by mechanical movements of the slide projector or piezocrystal (PZT). The measuring error due to the vibration of mechanical movement and inaccurate phase shifting in convectional methods can be effectively avoided in the proposed system.…”

Section: The Software-controlled Lcd Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast full-field 3D measurement system for BGA coplanarity inspection

Yen

Tsai

2003

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

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Ball-Grid-Array (BGA) has become one of the most popular packaging techniques in the electronic industry. Coplanarity inspection of BGA solder balls is critical in BGA manufacturing for process and quality control. Currently, the 3D measurement systems for BGA coplanarity inspection are mainly based on laser scanning techniques. However, they suffer from low inspection speed due to the physical line-scanning process. In this paper, a fast and cost-effective 3D measurement system for coplanarity inspection of BGA solder balls is proposed. The proposed system uses an LCD-based phase measuring technique to perform full-field 3D measurement of BGA solder balls with high accuracy. Experiments have shown that the coplanarity measurement of BGA solder balls is very efficient and effective with the proposed system. The measurement repeatability is in the micrometer range.The processing time of the proposed 3D measurement system for an image of 640×480 pixels is less than 2 seconds on a typical personal computer.

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Section: The Software-controlled Lcd Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast full-field 3D measurement system for BGA coplanarity inspection

Yen

Tsai

2003

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

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“…With the development of the high resolution charge-coupled device(CCD), digital holography techniques [1][2][3] that uses a CCD as a holographic recording medium may now be applied practically for 3D-image reconstruction, surface profile measurement, etc. This technique is able to attain high accuracy by combining phase shifting methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical reconstruction of an infrared wavefront utilizing an optical phase modulation device

Miyamoto

Nisiyama

Tomioka

et al. 2007

Optics Communications

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We utilize nitroanisole, that absorbs infrared(IR) radiation as heat, as an optical modulation device based on a thermal process. The nitroanisole exhibits a thermal lens effect, i.e. a temperature dependent refractive index. Hence, the nitroanisole can induce phase modulation to visible light, in direct response to intensity of the incident IR radiation. The proposed method can be used to obtain the phase modulation distribution that corresponds to the IR intensity distribution, i.e. the IR hologram itself, on the nitroanisole by examining the phase map of visible light that is modulated upon passing through the nitroanisole. The IR wavefront can be reconstructed by calculating extracted IR holograms through the Fresnel transform.It is verified that both the amplitude and the phase of the IR wavefront can be reconstructed accurately by proposed method.

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“…The fundamental concepts of phase stepping method, is described elsewhere [2], is only briefly reviewed here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure involves-projecting a pattern on to the object from an offset angle and recording the image of the pattern which is phase modulated by the topographical variations of the object surface. An automated analysis is then carried out to extract the phase from the deformed fringe pattern mostly using either FFT [1] or phase stepping [2] methods, both of them FRINGE'05 produce wrapped phase distribution. The reconstruction of surface profile of objects with inherent surface discontinuities or having spatially isolated regions is usually a difficult problem by using standard phase unwrapping techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Phase Unwrapping Strategy for Rapid and Dense 3D Data Acquisition in Structured Light Approach

Siva

Rao

Fringe 2005

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Sinusoidal structured light projection (SSLP) technique, specifically-phase stepping method, is in widespread use to obtain accurate, dense 3-D data. But, if the object under investigation possesses surface discontinuities, phase unwrapping (an intermediate step in SSLP) stage mandatorily require several additional images, of the object with projected fringes (of different spatial frequencies), as input to generate a reliable 3D shape. On the other hand, Color-coded structured light projection (CSLP) technique is known to require a single image as in put, but generates sparse 3D data. Thus we propose the use of CSLP in conjunction with SSLP to obtain dense 3D data with minimum number of images as input. This approach is shown to be significantly faster and reliable than temporal phase unwrapping procedure that uses a complete exponential sequence. For example, if a measurement with the accuracy obtained by interrogating the object with 32 fringes in the projected pattern is carried out with both the methods, new strategy proposed requires only 5 frames as compared to 24 frames required by the later method.

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Automated phase-measuring profilometry of 3-D diffuse objects

Cited by 900 publications

References 8 publications

A fast full-field 3D measurement system for BGA coplanarity inspection

A fast full-field 3D measurement system for BGA coplanarity inspection

Numerical reconstruction of an infrared wavefront utilizing an optical phase modulation device

New Phase Unwrapping Strategy for Rapid and Dense 3D Data Acquisition in Structured Light Approach

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