Automated Measurement of the Size and Concentration of Airborne Particulate Nitrate

Stolzenburg, Mark R.; Dutcher, Dabrina D.; Kirby, Brent W.; Hering, Susanne V.

doi:10.1080/02786820300922

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The humidifier (MH-110, PermaPure, Toms River, NJ) with a 9 L/min air stream and an input water vapor content of 20-95% relative humidity (RH) consistently produces an output value of approximately 65-95% RH, high enough to minimize particle bounce. Similar humidifiers have been successfully employed in other inertial impaction collection systems (Stolzenburg et al 2003).…”

Section: Inlet Precut and Humidity Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Situ Instrument for Speciated Organic Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols:Thermal DesorptionAerosolGC/MS-FID (TAG)

Williams

Goldstein

Kreisberg

et al. 2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

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237

267

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We introduce a new in-situ instrument, Thermal desorption Aerosol GC/MS-FID (TAG), capable of hourly measurements of speciated organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. Aerosol samples are collected into a thermal desorption cell by means of humidification and inertial impaction. The sample is thermally desorbed and transferred with helium carrier gas into a gas chromatography (GC) column, with subsequent detection by both quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) and a flame ionization detector (FID). The collection and analysis steps are automated, yielding around the clock speciation. This approach builds on the extensive body of knowledge available for quantification and source apportionment of organic aerosols from past research using filter-based GC/MS analyses, but it is the first instrument to achieve in-situ time resolved measurements for an essentially unlimited number of samples, making it possible to analyze changes in organic aerosol speciation over timescales ranging from hours to seasons.

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Section: Inlet Precut and Humidity Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Situ Instrument for Speciated Organic Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols:Thermal DesorptionAerosolGC/MS-FID (TAG)

Williams

Goldstein

Kreisberg

et al. 2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

Self Cite

237

267

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“…There data were collected in Fresno in -2001(Watson et al, 2000 as part of the EPA PM Supersites program (http://www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/ supersites.html). These measurements were made by flash volatilizing NH 4 NO 3 , reducing HNO 3 across a heated catalyst to nitric oxide (NO), and detecting NO by chemiluminescence (Stolzenburg et al, 2003;Chow et al, 2008). It was reported that 24 h averages of these high-time-resolution observations were well correlated with, but 20-40 % lower than, 24 h PM 2.5 filter samples (annual averages).…”

Section: A1 Long-term Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have fallen steadily across the US over the last 15 years. At the same time, NO x concentrations decrease on weekends relative to weekdays, largely without co-occurring changes in other gas-phase emissions, due to patterns of diesel truck activities. These trends taken together provide two independent constraints on the role of NO x in the nonlinear chemistry of atmospheric oxidation. In this context, we interpret interannual trends in wintertime ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) in the San Joaquin Valley of California, a location with the worst aerosol pollution in the US and where a large portion of aerosol mass is NH 4 NO 3 . Here, we show that NO x reductions have simultaneously decreased nighttime and increased daytime NH 4 NO 3 production over the last decade. We find a substantial decrease in NH 4 NO 3 since 2000 and conclude that this decrease is due to reduced nitrate radical-initiated production at night in residual layers that are decoupled from fresh emissions at the surface. Further reductions in NO x are imminent in California, and nationwide, and we make a quantitative prediction of the response of NH 4 NO 3 . We show that the combination of rapid chemical production and efficient NH 4 NO 3 loss via deposition of gas-phase nitric acid implies that high aerosol days in cities in the San Joaquin Valley air basin are responsive to local changes in NO x within those individual cities. Our calculations indicate that large decreases in NO x in the future will not only lower wintertime NH 4 NO 3 concentrations but also cause a transition in the dominant NH 4 NO 3 source from nighttime to daytime chemistry.

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“…The development of continuous instruments that measure NO À 3 and SO ¼ 4 by flash volatilization (Stolzenburg and Hering 2000;Stolzenburg et al 2003;Drewnick et al 2003) or by on-line ion chromatography (IC; Weber et al 2001Weber et al , 2003 provide faster response, avoid filterbased sampling artifacts, and allow a better understanding of source contributions to PM mass, ambient aerosol transformations, and human exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous and filter-based measurements of PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate at the Fresno Supersite

Chow

Watson

Lowenthal

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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PM(2.5) nitrate (NO-(3)) and sulfate (SO=(4)) were measured continuously with R&P8400N and R&P8400S instruments, respectively, and compared with filter-based measurements at the Fresno Supersite from October, 2000 through December, 2005. NO-(3) concentrations were higher in winter than summer with a long-term decreasing trend. Correlations between 24-h average continuous and filter-based NO-(3) were greater than 0.96 in 4 out of 5 years. Continuous NO-(3) was generally lower than filter-based NO-(3) although the difference decreased over time, from -52% in 2001 to +13% in 2005. These differences were similar in winter (-23%) and summer (-19%) while the corresponding differences between ambient and instrument temperature were -12 and 0.7 degrees C, respectively. Neither seasonal nor long-term trends in NO-(3) can be explained by variations in ambient temperature, the difference between ambient and instrument temperature, or changes in aerosol chemical composition. There were no seasonal or long-term trends in SO=(4) concentrations, partially due to low concentrations observed in Fresno. Long-term variability in the performance of R&P8400 NO-(3) and SO=(4) instruments suggest that collocation with filter measurements is needed for long-term measurements.

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Automated Measurement of the Size and Concentration of Airborne Particulate Nitrate

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

An In-Situ Instrument for Speciated Organic Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols:Thermal DesorptionAerosolGC/MS-FID (TAG)

An In-Situ Instrument for Speciated Organic Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols:Thermal DesorptionAerosolGC/MS-FID (TAG)

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

Continuous and filter-based measurements of PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate at the Fresno Supersite

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