Automated Feeding Behaviors Associated with Subclinical Respiratory Disease in Preweaned Dairy Calves

Cramer, Catie; Proudfoot, Kathryn L.; Ollivett, T. L.

doi:10.3390/ani10060988

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Milk consumption has been used in the past to assess performance of calves following disbudding procedures (Bates et al, 2015) as well as for identifying or predicting sickness in calves (Knauer et al, 2017;Cramer et al, 2020). Xylazine sedation has been reported to cause a decrease in core temperature in calves, particularly young calves, who do not thermoregulate as efficiently as older animals (Vasseur et al, 2014).…”

Section: Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain is a subjective state that results in suffering for the animal, similar to the effects of illness, both of which result in a negative affective state (Fraser et al, 1997). Illness in calves, whether it be from gastrointestinal or respiratory diseases, has been linked with reduced drinking speeds on AMF (Johnston et al, 2016;Knauer et al, 2018;Cramer et al, 2020). The connection between drinking speed and illness in calves has been used as a way to predict illness up to 4 d before farm personnel are able to identify a calf as sick and continues for 7 to 10 d after (Knauer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of xylazine sedation in 2- to 6-week-old dairy calves disbudded with a cautery iron

Reedman

Duffield

DeVries

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of local anesthesia and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) can reduce indicators of pain and inflammation and encourage self-rewarding behavior in calves following disbudding. Although the use of sedation may be recommended as a best practice for disbudding, there is little research in this area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of xylazine sedation in conjunction with a local anesthetic and an NSAID in calves undergoing cautery disbudding. One hundred twenty-two group-housed female and male Holstein calves fed milk with automated feeders, aged 13 to 44 d, were enrolled over 9 replicates and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) sedated: lidocaine cornual nerve block, 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam (administered subcutaneously) and 0.2 mg/ kg xylazine (administered intramuscularly), or (2) nonsedated: lidocaine cornual nerve block and meloxicam. Outcomes collected consisted of feeding behavior (collected using automated milk feeders), latency to drink milk following disbudding, play behavior (induced by adding bedding), lying behavior, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT, measured using a pressure force algometer), struggling behavior during disbudding, length of time to administer the nerve block, length of time to disbud, and serum haptoglobin concentrations. Data were analyzed using mixed models with a fixed effect for baseline values and a random effect for trial replicate. Linear regression was used to assess continuous outcomes, logistic regression for binary outcomes, and Poisson and negative binomial models for count data with negative binomial models used if the over dispersion term was significant. There were no detected differences between the treatment groups in mean daily milk consumption in the 72-h following disbudding. Sedated calves had reduced average milk drinking speed from 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h following disbudding compared with nonsedated calves, but no difference was detected from 48 to 72 h. Sedated calves had reduced MNT at 0, 60, and 240 min after disbudding, but no differences were detected between groups at 24 h after disbudding. Nonsedated calves had 4.5 times the odds (95% CI: 1.5-13.2) of struggling more than twice during the disbudding procedure compared with sedated calves, and it took less time to administer a nerve block to sedated calves compared with nonsedated. At +3 h, nonsedated calves were 79 times (95% CI: 22.4 to 279.2) more likely to play compared with sedated calves, and 24 h after disbudding, sedated calves were 2 times more likely to play compared with nonsedated calves (95% CI: 0.93-4.3). The results indicate that calves sedated with xylazine for cautery disbudding responded less to painful stimuli (disbudding and MNT) both during and following the procedure and had a higher rate of play behavior 24 h following sedation compared with the nonsedated calves, but xylazine may also have a prolonged carryover effect that affects suckling behavior for 48 h following sedation.

show abstract

Section: Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of xylazine sedation in 2- to 6-week-old dairy calves disbudded with a cautery iron

Reedman

Duffield

DeVries

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researchers have identified changes in specific behavioral parameters measured by AMF exhibited by calves before disease detection, such as decreased daily milk consumption, slower drinking speed, and a decreased number of unrewarded visits (Svensson and Jensen, 2007;Knauer et al, 2017;Sutherland et al, 2018). A recent study has also observed differences in these parameters when comparing clinical and subclinical disease in calves (Cramer et al, 2020). However, no formal synthesis of this literature has been performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting morbidity and mortality using automated milk feeders: A scoping review

Morrison

Renaud

Churchill

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Automated milk feeders (AMF) are computerized systems that provide producers with a tool that can be used to more efficiently raise dairy calves and allow for easier implementation of a high plane of nutrition during the milk feeding phase. Automated milk feeders also have the ability to track individualized behavioral data, such as milk consumption, drinking speed, and the number of rewarded and unrewarded visits to the feeder, that could potentially be used to predict disease development. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize the body of literature investigating the use of AMF data to predict morbidity and mortality in dairy calves during the preweaning stage. This review lists the parameters that have been examined for associations with disease in calves and identify discrepancies found in the literature. Five databases and relevant conference proceedings were searched. Eligible studies focused on the use of behavioral parameters measured by AMF to predict morbidity or mortality in preweaned dairy calves. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts from 6,675 records identified during the literature search. After title and abstract screening, 382 studies were included and then assessed at the fulltext level. Of these, 56 studies fed calves using an AMF and provided some measure of morbidity or mortality. Thirteen examined AMF parameters for associations with morbidity or mortality. The studies were completed in North America (n = 6), Europe (n = 6), and New Zealand (n = 1). The studies varied in sample size, ranging from 30 to 1,052 calves with a median of 100 calves. All 13 studies included enteric disease as an outcome and 11 studies evaluated respiratory disease. Of the studies measuring enteric disease, 8 provided disease definitions (n = 8/13, 61.2%); however, for respiratory disease, only 5 provided a disease definition (n = 5/11, 45.5%). Disease definitions and thresholds varied greatly between studies, with 10 using some form of health scoring. When evaluating feeding metrics as indicators of disease, all 13 studies investigated milk consumption and 6 and 7 studies investigated drinking speed and number of rewarded and unrewarded visits, respectively. Overall, this scoping review identified that daily milk consumption, drinking speed, and rewarded and unrewarded visits may provide insight into early disease detection in preweaned dairy calves. However, the disparity in reporting of study designs and results between included studies made comparisons challenging. In addition, to aid with the interpretation of studies, standardized disease outcomes should be used to improve the utility of this primary research.

show abstract

“…According to Cramer and Ollivett (2019), heifers who had pulmonary consolidation evaluated by ≥ 1cm ultrasound in their first manifestation of the disease, showed a 0.11 Kg/d fall in the average daily gain (ADG), when compared to animals without pulmonary consolidation. In another study, the same authors evaluated behavior characteristics and realized that calves with clinical BRD presented lower speed of milk Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, v.7, n.10, p. 99335-99347 oct. 2021 intake compared to subclinical or healthy animals (688, 782, 844mL/min, respectively), (CRAMER et al, 2020).…”

Section: Diagnosis By Pulmonary Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 98%

Pulmonary Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Disease in Dairy Calves - Systematic Review / Ultrassonografia Pulmonar no Diagnóstico de Doença Respiratória em Bezerras Leiteiras- Revisão Sistemática

Neto¹,

Martins²,

Pedroso³

et al. 2021

BJDV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common health challenge for dairy calves during the first weeks of life. It can be caused by several environmental factors and pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, presenting alterations called pulmonary consolidations. BRD shows nonspecific clinical signs, a high rate of subclinical cases and triggers several health consequences, such as impaired growth, reduced weight gain, interference in production and reproduction during the first lactation, and in some cases, animals can also die. In addition economic losses such as: increase in the rate of involuntary culling and reduction of the source of replacement of productive cows in the herd can also occur. There are some forms of diagnosis evaluating clinical signs such as fever and discharges. However, these methods are not sufficient to confirm the clinical diagnosis and do not allow the measurement of the degree of pulmonary lesions. However, the disease can also be diagnosed by pulmonary ultrasound, presenting a high rate of accuracy. This study reviews systematically the main studies that performed pulmonary ultrasound evaluation in the diagnosis of BRD and reported results that showed the efficacy of the use of this method in the clinical diagnosis of the disease. The technique is considered noninvasive, fast, capacity of detecting animals with subclinical BRD and uses the same ultrasound device used in the reproductive management of cows. In addition, ultrasonography has other benefits such as cost reduction, reduced use of antimicrobials, evaluation of the extent of lung lesions, positive influence on animal health and support of profitability of a dairy operation.

show abstract

Automated Feeding Behaviors Associated with Subclinical Respiratory Disease in Preweaned Dairy Calves

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of xylazine sedation in 2- to 6-week-old dairy calves disbudded with a cautery iron

Randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of xylazine sedation in 2- to 6-week-old dairy calves disbudded with a cautery iron

Predicting morbidity and mortality using automated milk feeders: A scoping review

Pulmonary Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Disease in Dairy Calves - Systematic Review / Ultrassonografia Pulmonar no Diagnóstico de Doença Respiratória em Bezerras Leiteiras- Revisão Sistemática

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About