Autologous platelet-rich plasma effects on Staphylococcus aureus–induced chondrocyte death in an in vitro bovine septic arthritis model

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the chondroprotective effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AmpS), or PRP combined with AmpS (PRP+AmpS) in an in vitro chondrocyte explant model of bovine Staphylococcus aureus–induced septic arthritis. SAMPLE Autologous PRP and cartilage explants obtained from 6 healthy, adult, nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows. ProcedureS Autologous PRP was prepared prior to euthanasia using an optimized double centrifugation protocol. Cartilage explants collected from grossly normal stifle joints were incubated in synovial fluid (SF) alone, S aureus–inoculated SF (SA), or SA supplemented with PRP (25% culture medium volume), AmpS (2 mg/mL), or both PRP (25% culture medium volume) and AmpS (2 mg/mL; PRP+AmpS) for 24 hours. The metabolic activity, percentage of dead cells, and glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage explants were measured with a resazurin-based assay, live-dead cell staining, and dimethylmethylene blue assay, respectively. Treatment effects were assessed relative to the findings for cartilage explants incubated in SF alone. RESULTS Application of PRP, AmpS, and PRP+AmpS treatments significantly reduced S aureus–induced chondrocyte death (ie, increased metabolic activity and cell viability staining) in cartilage explants, compared with untreated controls. There were no significant differences in chondrocyte death among explants treated with PRP, AmpS, or PRP+AmpS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this in vitro explant model of S aureus–induced septic arthritis, PRP, AmpS, and PRP+AmpS treatments mitigated chondrocyte death. Additional work to confirm the efficacy of PRP with bacteria commonly associated with clinical septic arthritis in cattle as well as in vivo evaluation is warranted.

Common emergency and musculoskeletal repairs in the small ruminant

“…One of the most recent investigations found that autologous bovine PRP had similar chondroprotective efficacy in Staphylococcus aureus-induced in vitro septic arthritis model to ampicillin-sulbactum. 12 If regenerative therapies prove to be an effective treatment modality, they would bypass the restrictions associated with local/systemic antimicrobial use in food-producing animals.…”

Clinical Application of Platelet Concentrates in Bovine Practice: A Systematic Review

“…Tsuzuki et al [ 15 ] described the positive regenerative effects of the use of gelatine microspheres incorporated with PRP and alginate in sole ulcers and has a beneficial effect on articular cartilage and ligament healing [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]). Moreover, the effectiveness of PRP has also been evaluated in in vitro studies regarding the chondroprotective effects of autologous PRP combined with antibiotics in septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus [ 19 ]. Regarding GFs, the amount released by PRP and the comparison of the concentrations of platelets and white blood cells in PRP’s layers and supernatant have been described [ 20 ], but the comparison of GFs release over time has not been investigated yet, as well as their exact antimicrobial role [ 19 ].…”

“…While numerous studies have investigated the in vitro effects of PRP [ 13 , 14 , 19 , 21 ], translating these findings into effective in vivo applications remains a subject of ongoing research and debate. The present study seeks to address this gap in the literature by systematically reviewing the existing body of knowledge regarding the in vivo utilisation of bovine PRP (PRP) within the same specimens.…”

“…Moreover, the effectiveness of PRP has also been evaluated in in vitro studies regarding the chondroprotective effects of autologous PRP combined with antibiotics in septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus [19]. Regarding GFs, the amount released by PRP and the comparison of the concentrations of platelets and white blood cells in PRP's layers and supernatant have been described [20], but the comparison of GFs release over time has not been investigated yet, as well as their exact antimicrobial role [19]. While numerous studies have investigated the in vitro effects of PRP [13,14,19,21], translating these findings into effective in vivo applications remains a subject of ongoing research and debate.…”

“…Regarding GFs, the amount released by PRP and the comparison of the concentrations of platelets and white blood cells in PRP's layers and supernatant have been described [20], but the comparison of GFs release over time has not been investigated yet, as well as their exact antimicrobial role [19]. While numerous studies have investigated the in vitro effects of PRP [13,14,19,21], translating these findings into effective in vivo applications remains a subject of ongoing research and debate. The present study seeks to address this gap in the literature by systematically reviewing the existing body of knowledge regarding the in vivo utilisation of bovine PRP (PRP) within the same specimens.…”