Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome with hypoadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus in a dog: A rare case

Abstract

Background: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, also called polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, is a rare immune-mediated disorder that involves various endocrine glands.Purpose: To report autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in a dog.Methods: A 9-year-old spayed female miniature poodle diagnosed with insulindependent diabetes mellitus emergently visited our clinic for anorexia, severe depression, and vomiting. Hyponatremia, hypochloridemia, and recurrent hypoglycaemia were found. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed based on consistent clinical signs and repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests.Results: After injecting deoxycorticosterone pivalate and increasing the oral prednisolone dose, the patient's systemic condition improved. Conclusions:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of hypoadrenocorticism concurrent with diabetes mellitus in a dog. Furthermore, we would like to present the probability of an immune-mediated disorder with multiple organs involved, like type IV autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in humans.

Histopathological evaluation of the adrenal glands in a cat with primary hypoadrenocorticism and multiple endocrine disease

“…Multiple endocrinopathies can occur in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, with concurrent hypothyroidism being most common, but DM is also reported, and similarities have been drawn to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II in humans. 6 – 10 , 19 , 20 However, neither histopathology of the endocrine organs nor serological testing for autoantibodies in these specific cases were performed to further assess this, and the autoimmune basis of canine DM has recently been drawn into question. 21 , 22 Multiple endocrine disease in a cat including hypoadrenocorticism has not yet been reported.…”

“…In dogs, PH can occur with other endocrinopathies; a concurrent endocrinopathy in feline PH has yet to be reported. 6 – 10 …”

“…4,5 In dogs, PH can occur with other endocrinopathies; a concurrent endocrinopathy in feline PH has yet to be reported. [6][7][8][9][10] We document a case of feline non-neoplastic-associated PH that developed diabetes mellitus (DM), and additionally report the adrenal histopathological findings including immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.…”

Polyendokrine Syndrome beim Hund

“…Diese manifestieren sich am häufigsten im Zusammenhang mit einem Hypoadrenokortizismus [32,33]. Im Fall 13 [15] traten neben einem Hypoadrenokortizismus und Diabetes mellitus, eine entzündliche Darmerkrankung, eine immunmediierte Polyarthritis und eine immunmediierte Glomerulonephritis auf.…”

“…für den erhöhte Inzidenzen beschrieben sind [47,48]. Auch die Zwergpudelhündin aus Fall 13 [15] erkrankte an einem Diabetes mellitus, für den diese Rasse prädisponiert ist [49]. Weitere Rasseprädispositionen konnten in dieser Fallserie nicht identifiziert werden.…”