Autoantibodies to GAD and IA‐2 in Saudi Arabian diabetic patients

Abstract

The prevalence and associations of autoantibodies in Saudi diabetic patients are very similar to those reported for diabetic patients in other ethnic groups.

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of nonobese type 2 diabetic patients with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in Korea

“…Previous reports demonstrate that approximately 1.7% to 4% of patients with T2DM in Korea test positive for GADA [8,28]. In our study, 10.1% of the subjects tested positive for GADA, considerably higher than seen in previous studies done in Korea [8,28]. However, we have to take into consideration that our study is not a true population-based study, but rather a hospital-based study; therefore, there is a limitation in stating that this result represents the percentage of LADA in all Korean diabetic patients.…”

“…This indicates that GADA is unaffected by the absence of functional beta cells; thus, the GADA assay has become an important tool in predicting a patient's prognosis. However, in cross-sectional studies of different populations, 1.7% to 16.1% of patients with T2DM [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have been found to be positive for GADA. In patients with newonset T2DM, 4.2% to 16% had GADA [4,20,21].…”

Islet cell autoantibodies in patients younger than 20 years of age with recently diagnosed diabetes in Northwest of Iran

“…Because populations with Type 1 diabetes in Asia and Africa exhibit less than 50% prevalence of diabetes related autoantibodies, the American diabetes association (ADA) [5] and the World Health Organization [11] have subclassified Type 1 diabetes into Types 1a and 1b, where Type 1a is autoimmune mediated, and Type 1b is nonautoimmune mediated, or idiopathic Type 1. There appear to be no significant clinical differences between patients with or without circulating autoantibodies [12][13][14][15].…”

“…Earlier reports had found that islet cell autoantibodies to be rare among Asians, Malaysians, Arabic and African origins [12][13][14][15][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] compared to Caucasians [8,27]. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of GADAs and ICA in patients with recently diagnosed diabetes in northwest of Iran.…”

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies Role in Reclassifying Diabetes of Adulthood in Basrah

“…GADA positivity was more associated with 50-59 Years, but not associated with hypertension, family history of diabetes, and cigarette smoking [19]. While in Saudi Arabia, of patients with type 2 DM, 8/99 patients were GADA positive [20]. Furthermore, in a small cohort from Turkey GADA-positive cases were seen in 31%among 54 initially diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients [21].…”