Autistic regression and Landau‐Kleffner syndrome: progress or confusion?

Mantovani, John F.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00104.x

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Although there is no clear evidence regarding the causal role of epileptiform EEG and epilepsy in autistic spectrum disorders, it was noted that the pathophysiology might be similar to the pathophysiology in LKS and CSWS syndrome, particularly in patients with regression history and EAs on EEGs (36,40). Some researchers perform similar treatments to LKS in small children with only language regression or autistic regression, even in the absence of clinical seizures or EAs (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical and Electroencephalography Findings of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Ayta¹,

Gürses²,

Bilgen³

et al. 2016

tnd

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Objective: The aim of this study was to document the findings in a case series of 43 patients diagnosed as having pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and to show the relationship between these findings. Materials and Methods:This study on children with autism was performed in child neurology and child psychiatry outpatient clinics. After neurologic and psychiatric detailed history and examinations, developmental tests were performed and electroencephalographies (EEGs) were recorded. Results:In the systemic and neurologic examinations and investigations, findings of a specific disease that could cause autism was not detected. Among 34 of 43 patients, history of febrile seizures existed; eight patients (18.6%) had epileptic seizures, 14 (32.6%) had a period of autistic regression, and in the remaining 29 patients, the clinical picture had been present since birth. Among the 14 patients with regression, three had epileptic seizure histories. Twenty-two patients (51.2%) showed epileptiform activity (EA) in their EEGs. In 14 patients with autistic regression, nine (64.6%) had EA. Of the 29 patients with no history of regression, 13 (44.8%) had EA. In the group of 22 patients with EA, six (27.3%) had a history of seizures. Conclusion:The diagnosis of PDD is made according to detailed history and examination. A certain disease that can be diagnosed co-exists in only a small percent of patients. For this reason, laboratory tests can not show much benefit. On the other hand, EEG recordings have great importance in the measurement of background activity of the brain and the existence of EA. During autistic regression, EEG recordings can have great benefits for patients with or without clinical seizures. It may be possible to distinguish between stereotypical movements, tics and epileptic seizures with EEG recordings, which will be repeated in time in these patients. Keywords: Pervasive developmental disorder, autistic regression, electroencephalography, epileptiform activityAmaç: Bu çalışma yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk (YGB) tanısı almış 43 olguda, klinik ve inceleme bulguları arasındaki ilişkilerin gösterilmesi amacını taşımaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Çocuk Nörolojisi ve Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Poliklinikleri'nde görülerek otizm tanısı almış çocuklarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Olgular nörolojik ve psikiyatrik yönden ayrıntılı anamnez ve muayene ile değerlendirilmiş, gelişimsel testleri, uyku elektroensefalografileri (EEG), bazılarında kranyal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme incelemeleri yapılmıştır.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical and Electroencephalography Findings of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Ayta¹,

Gürses²,

Bilgen³

et al. 2016

tnd

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“…P. Van Bogaert (2013) отмечает, что вы-раженность когнитивных нарушений в исходе ЭЭСМ напрямую зависит от продолжительности существо-вания феномена ПЭМС; при этом ни один из паци-ентов с продолжением ПЭМС на ЭЭГ более 36 мес не имел нормального коэффициента интеллекта [51]. Очевидно, что ЭЭСМ в анамнезе может быть при-чиной низкого коэффициента интеллекта, психиче-ских расстройств, нарушений социальной адаптации у юношей, в том числе формирования «приобретен-ного эпилептического лобного синдрома», «приобре-тенного эпилептического аутистического регресса», «когнитивной эпилептиформной дезинтеграции» [8,25,36,47,53]. Все пациенты с симптоматическим ва-риантом ЭЭСМ, обследованные нами, обнаруживали тяжелые когнитивные, а в ряде случаев и двигательные нарушения с невозможностью обучения в общеобра-зовательной школе даже после блокирования ПЭМС на ЭЭГ.…”

Section: Neurology R U S S I a N J O U R N A L O Funclassified

Epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep with a focus on electroencephalographic criteria

Мухин¹,

Глухова²,

Макиевская³

2017

Rus. ž. det. nevrol.

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“…7 However, the EEG findings have much wider implications than the possible diagnosis of epilepsy. Abnormal EEGs in children without CP have been correlated with poor cognitive or behavioural functioning [23][24][25][26] . Continuous spike-wave activity during sleep causes abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism and loss of cognitive function: 27 clearly it should be avoided if possible.…”

Section: Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of subclinical seizure discharges identifiable only on EEG, is more difficult to assess, but there is good reason to suppose that these interfere with cognition, as they would in children who do not have CP. [23][24][25][26] Epilepsy is rarely the absolute determining factor in school placement. Whatever the educational setting, it is important that school staff are made aware of the clinical expressions of seizures and have schemes, agreed with the usual carers, for management if an attack occurs in school.…”

Section: Implications Of Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy in cerebral palsy

Wallace

2001

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The heightened risk of epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) was recognized by Freud more than 100 years ago. 1 His descriptions of the characteristics of the seizures indicate his appreciation of their essentially symptomatic nature. Much more recently, the importance of epilepsy as an adverse factor for cognitive function in children with hemiplegic CP has been highlighted. 2 The possibility that subclinical seizure discharges may add to cognitive problems requires particular attention in any child whose abilities may be already impaired secondary to structural brain abnormalities. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that the motor difficulties, and any intellectual disabilities, as well as complicating seizures, are likely to stem from the same underlying pathology. EpidemiologyIn the general childhood population, the prevalence of epilepsy is between 3 and 6 per 1000. 3 Overall, epilepsy occurs in between 15 and 55% of children and adults with CP. 1,48 If learning disability* coexists, the risk to children with CP is much higher, rising to 71%. 4 Epilepsy is more common in some forms of CP than others. Although Paine 1 found children with tetra-or triplegic CP to be among the least likely to have epilepsy, other authors 4, 9, 10 showed at least 50%, and up to 94% 9 to be affected. In hemiplegic CP, at least one-third, and up to a half in some series, 1,4,6,11,12 have continuing seizures. With spastic or ataxic diplegia, the risk is somewhat lower at 16 to 27%. 4,6,10,13 With the exception of reports from Germany and Sweden, that show much higher frequencies, 10 epilepsy is noted to complicate dystonic/dyskinetic CP in about one-quarter of cases; 4, 6, 14 and seems to be only rarely associated with pure ataxic CP. 4, 14 Thus, those cerebral palsies with possibly the more cortical pathologies seem most likely to be complicated by epilepsy. Predisposing factorsThese can be considered under three main headings: genetic factors and pre-, and perinatal events. In addition, postnatal causes of CP, such as non-accidental or accidental head injuries and postencephalitic states may also be associated with epilepsy. In CP, information on the role of inherited predisposition to epilepsy is sparse in unselected populations. Curatolo and colleagues selected patients with CP, partial epilepsies, and learning difficulties on the bases of either structural lesions demonstrable on neuroimaging, or the presence of conditions likely to be secondary to pre-or perinatal asphyxia. Of these patients, the surprisingly high figure of 73% of their first-degree relatives were found also to have epilepsy; when compared with control individuals, those patients with prenatal pathology were 22 times as likely, and those with later pathology 14.5 times as likely as control individuals to have affected first-degree relatives. 15 In a study involving patients who were attending a seizure clinic, epilepsy was noted in 16% of first-degree relatives of those with CP, and 8% of relatives of control individuals with epilepsy, but no physical disa...

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Autistic regression and Landau‐Kleffner syndrome: progress or confusion?

Cited by 17 publications

References 61 publications

The Clinical and Electroencephalography Findings of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder

The Clinical and Electroencephalography Findings of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep with a focus on electroencephalographic criteria

Epilepsy in cerebral palsy

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