Autism spectrum disorders: Update of evaluation and treatment

Mikhail, Ashraf G.; King, Bryan H.

doi:10.1007/s11920-996-0027-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, oxidative stress has been considered as one of the possible key factors [5][6][7]. On the other hand, the number of brain disorders with neurodevelopmental deficits such as autism spectrum disorders [8], epilepsy [3], attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [9], and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia [10] is increasing rapidly with increasing complexity of lifestyle. The exact cause of all these disorders is still unknown and no cure has been found yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Radi

Formichi

Battisti

et al. 2014

JAD

519

305

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Neurodegenerative disorders affect almost 30 million individuals leading to disability and death. These disorders are characterized by pathological changes in disease-specific areas of the brain and degeneration of distinct neuron subsets. Despite the differences in clinical manifestations and neuronal vulnerability, the pathological processes appear similar, suggesting common neurodegenerative pathways. Apoptosis seems to play a key role in the progression of several neurologic disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as demonstrated by studies on animal models and cell lines. On the other hand, research on human brains reported contradictory results. However, many dying neurons have been detected in brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and these conditions are often associated with significant cell loss accompanied by typical morphological features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and activation of cysteine-proteases, caspases. Cell death and neurodegenerative conditions have been linked to oxidative stress and imbalance between generation of free radicals and antioxidant defenses. Multiple sclerosis, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Here we present an overview of the involvement of neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in the most important neurodegenerative diseases, mainly focusing the attention on several genetic disorders, discussing the interaction between primary genetic abnormalities and the apoptotic pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Radi

Formichi

Battisti

et al. 2014

JAD

519

305

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“…A retrospective chart review evaluated the use of quetiapine in 10 children and adolescents with AD or PDD -NOS and related conditions (disruptive behavior, mental retardation, anxiety)." The mean age was 12 years (range [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Quetiapine was initiated at a dose of 25 mg twice a day, with increases of 25-50 mg twice daily every 4-7 days.…”

Section: Quetiapinementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder

Stachnik

Nunn-Thompson

2007

Ann Pharmacother

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“…The causal process of these neurodegenerative disorders is not known yet; however, oxidative stress is recognized to play an important role (1–3). At the same time, the number of cases with neurodevelopmental disorders [Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) (4), Epilepsy (5) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (6)] is increasing rapidly in the early part of the life due to multifactorial reasons. Two major health related issues in two distinct age groups need urgent attention to identify the causal process and subsequently a therapeutic development for cure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%