Use of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder

Stachnik, Joan M; Nunn-Thompson, Cheryl

doi:10.1345/aph.1h527

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although clinical evidence suggests that some medications may alleviate repetitive behavior in ASDs (e.g. atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), these drugs have not proven to be consistently effective and have been associated with significant adverse side effects (Carrasco et al, 2012; McDougle et al, 2005; McPheeters et al, 2011; Stachnik and Nunn-Thompson, 2007). Furthermore, there are no pharmacological interventions for treating the social deficits associated with ASDs; however, the oxytocin signaling pathway is emerging as a promising avenue for ASD drug discovery efforts (Meyer-Lindenberg et al, 2011; Striepens et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosocial effects of oxytocin in two mouse models of autism spectrum disorders

et al. 2013

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Clinical evidence suggests that oxytocin treatment improves social deficits and repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the neuropeptide has a short plasma half-life and poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In order to facilitate the development of more bioavailable oxytocinergic compounds as therapeutics to treat core ASD symptoms, small animal models must be validated for preclinical screens. This study examined the preclinical utility of two inbred mouse strains, BALB/cByJ and C58/J, that exhibit phenotypes relevant to core ASD symptoms. Mice from both strains were intraperitoneally administered oxytocin, using either acute or sub-chronic regimens. Acute oxytocin did not increase sociability in BALB/cByJ; however, sub-chronic oxytocin had significant prosocial effects in both BALB/cByJ and C58/J. Increased sociability was observed 24 hours following the final oxytocin dose in BALB/cByJ, while prosocial effects of oxytocin emerged 1–2 weeks post-treatment in C58/J. Furthermore, acute oxytocin decreased motor stereotypy in C58/J and did not induce hypoactivity or anxiolytic-like effects in an open field test. This study demonstrates that oxytocin administration can attenuate social deficits and repetitive behavior in mouse models of ASD, dependent on dose regimen and genotype. These findings provide validation of the BALB/cByJ and C58/J models as useful platforms for screening novel drugs for intervention in ASDs and for elucidating the mechanisms contributing to the prosocial effects of oxytocin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosocial effects of oxytocin in two mouse models of autism spectrum disorders

et al. 2013

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“…other second-generation antipsychotics are also being investigated for use in autistic patients 24 . An open study with olanzapine, used for 12 weeks in 8 patients with pervasive developmental disorders, 5 of whom were autistic, resulted in improvement according to the CGI-S scale in 6 of the 7 patients who completed the study 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with autistic disorder: a retrospective chart review

Novaes¹,

Pondé²,

Freire

2008

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy on the symptoms of psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in a sample of patients with autistic spectrum disorder. Method: The charts of all patients with a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder, receiving care for psychomotor agitation and/or aggressive behavior in two psychiatric outpatient departments between 2001 and 2006, were reviewed. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity and -Improvement scales (CGI-S and CGI-I) were applied to the data retrieved from the charts. Results: The majority of the 26 patients included were treated with second-generation antipsychotics. A positive, statistically significant correlation was found between the implementation of pharmacotherapy and a reduction in CGI-S scores (p<0.05). Treatment response in patients with no mental retardation was better than in those mentally retarded (p<0.05). The majority of patients in whom clinical improvement was found following implementation of treatment had participated in at least one form of intervention therapy in addition to the principal treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Secondgeneration antipsychotics seem to reduce psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with autistic spectrum disorder; however, further studies are required to evaluate the side effects of these drugs in relation to their beneficial effects.Key wordS: antipsychotics, pharmacological, retrospective, autistic disorder, treatment. Controle da agitação psicomotora e agressividade em pacientes com autismo: estudo retrospectivo de revisão de prontuárioResumo -Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do tratamento farmacológico dos sintomas de agitação psicomotora e agressividade em amostra de pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista. Método: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno do espectro autista que procuraram atendimento por apresentarem agitação psicomotora e/ou heteroagressividade, atendidos entre 2001 e 2006, em dois ambulatórios de psiquiatria. Para avaliação da evolução dos pacientes aplicou-se às informações do prontuário a escala de Impressão Clínica Global Sintomas (ICG-S) e a Impressão Clínica Global Melhora (ICG-M). Resultados: A maioria dos 26 pacientes estava em tratamento com antipsicóticos de segunda geração. Houve correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a introdução do tratamento farmacológico e a redução nos escores da ICG-S (p<0,05). A evolução do tratamento farmacológico foi melhor para os pacientes sem retardo mental do que para aqueles com retardo mental (p<0,05). A maioria dos pacientes que obteve melhora clínica com o tratamento participava de ao menos uma intervenção auxiliar ao tratamento principal (p<0,05). Conclusão: os antipsicóticos de segunda geração parecem reduzir a agitação psicomotora e agressividade em pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista no Brasil. É necessário que se avaliem os efeitos colaterais em relação aos efeitos benéficos dessas drogas.

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“…Regarding the TAs, haloperidol and chlorpromazine have most prominently received indications for the treatment of severe conduct problems, acute agitation, and aggression in young children that may or may not be directly related to an underlying psychosis (Jensen et al, 2007). With regard to AAs, there is a substantial amount of empirical evidence that supports the efficacy of risperidone along these lines (Myers, 2007;Stachnik & Nunn-Thompson, 2007). In addition, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, and aripiprazole have all shown some efficacy in improving aggressiveness, hyperactivity, and self-injurious behavior (Ivanov & Charney, 2008).…”

Section: Adhd and Disruptive Behavior Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical and typical antipsychotics in the schools

Noggle

Dean

2009

Psychology in the Schools

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The use of antipsychotic medications within the school‐age population is rapidly increasing. Although typical antipsychotics may be used in rare cases, this influx is largely secondary to the availability of the atypical antipsychotics. Reduction of possible adverse effects and increased efficacy represent the primary basis for the atypical antipsychotics' popularity over traditional agents. Although these agents, as their name suggests, are most commonly used to alleviate positive, as well as some negative, symptoms of psychotic manifestations, empirical evidence has suggested their efficacy in the treatment of other presentations. These include bipolar disorder, Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, anorexia nervosa, and tic disorders. Discussion of antipsychotic agents and their use in these presentations is offered. Information on positive and negative outcomes, including school impact, is provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Use of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

Prosocial effects of oxytocin in two mouse models of autism spectrum disorders

Prosocial effects of oxytocin in two mouse models of autism spectrum disorders

Control of psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with autistic disorder: a retrospective chart review

Atypical and typical antipsychotics in the schools

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