Autism‐related language preferences of <scp>English</scp>‐speaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation

Keating, Connor Tom; Hickman, Lydia; Leung, Joan; Monk, Ruth; Montgomery, Alicia; Heath, Hannah; Sowden, Sophie

doi:10.1002/aur.2864

Cited by 91 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Practical and inclusive terminology enables discussion of heterogeneity in autism presentation, is less likely to reinforce bias, and is more respectful than terminology with negative connotations. Importantly, these suggestions align with guidance from autistic people designated "profoundly autistic" (Zimmerman, 2022;Whitty 2020) as well as broader autistic preferences (Keating et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Anti-ableist language is fully compatible with high-quality autism research: Response to Singer et al. (2022)

Natri¹,

Abubakare²,

Beaud³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Singer et al. (2022) argue that the current lexical shift within autism research towards more neutral terminology hinders accurate scientific description of the wide range of autistic experiences, particularly within clinical and medical contexts. In this Letter to the Editor, we present an examination and criticism of these claims. This letter is authored and co-signed by a diverse group of autistic researchers, scholars, clinicians, and self-advocates with a wide range of clinical presentation and support needs, as well as non-autistic researchers, scholars, clinicians, and loved ones of autistic people.

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mentioning

confidence: 68%

Anti-ableist language is fully compatible with high-quality autism research: Response to Singer et al. (2022)

Natri¹,

Abubakare²,

Beaud³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Research into autism spectrum disorder (referred to as autism [1] hereafter) 1,2 has classically focused on social cognition, language and communication. A burgeoning field, however, documents bodily movement and motor control differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autistic kinematics diverge from the power laws that typically govern movement

Cook

Fraser

Hickman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Extant work reliably demonstrates that autistic individuals move with increased jerk (where jerk concerns change in acceleration). Although it follows that autistic movement may therefore diverge from fundamental power laws that govern movement, this hypothesis has not been directly tested to date. This lack of insight holds back progress in understanding the mechanisms underpinning differences in autism in motor control particularly with respect to movement jerkiness. Here we investigated whether movements executed by autistic adults diverged from the typical power law relationship that links movement speed and curvature. x and y position of the stylus tip was recorded at 133 Hz while 21 autistic and 19 non-autistic age-, intelligence quotient- and sex-matched adults traced, on a tablet device, a range of shapes that varied in angular frequency from 2/33 (spiral-like shapes) to 4 (square-like shapes). The gradient of the relationship between speed and curvature for each angular frequency-defined shape is reliably predicted by a set of mathematical equations often referred to as fundamental power laws thus, to assess deviations from power laws, we compared autistic and non-autistic participants in terms of speed-curvature gradients. To gain insight into potential mechanisms underpinning any differences we also used fast Fourier transform to explore amplitude spectral density across all angular frequencies. Compared to non-autistic adults, autistic adults exhibited significantly steeper speed-curvature gradients. Fast Fourier transform further revealed that non-autistic participants exhibited highly precise modulation of speed oscillations around the target frequency. For example, when drawing an ellipse their speed profile was dominated by speed changes in a band centred around the angular frequency 2 with minimal changes in other bands. Autistic adults, in contrast, exhibited less precise modulation of speed oscillations around the target frequency, a result that is reminiscent of a literature reporting broader auditory filters in autistic individuals. These results evidence, in autistic adults, a deviation from the power laws that typically govern movement and suggest differences in motor cortical control policies and/or biomechanical constraints.

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“… 1 In line with journal use guidelines informed by autistic self-advocates and stakeholders in the autism community, we refer to ASD as autism throughout this manuscript except when we use the abbreviation to delineate our groups ( 1 , 2 ). Similarly, we have decided to use identity-first language as much as possible ( 3 , 4 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative affect and respiratory sinus arrhythmia are differentially related to social anxiety and autism features in autistic preschoolers contrasted to fragile X syndrome

Wall

Roberts

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous and complex disorder with co-occurring disorders commonplace. This presents tremendous diagnostic challenges given the phenotypic overlap between autism and other diagnoses, including social anxiety, as well as variance in specific genetic disorders like fragile X syndrome (FXS). Biobehavioral measurement approaches integrate behavioral and biological data, and by so doing have the potential to address diagnostic challenges and shed light on the mechanisms underlying social impairments.MethodsThe present study utilized a biobehavioral approach to evaluate how biologically based indices of baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and temperamental negative affect differ and predict autism and anxiety in a sample of 120 preschoolers with non-syndromic autism (nsASD) with co-occurring intellectual impairment, FXS, and neurotypical (NT) development.ResultsResults indicated that children with nsASD display elevated negative affect compared to both FXS and NT controls which did not differ from each other and females exhibited more negative affect relative to males. Interestingly, elevated negative affect predicted social anxiety, but not ASD in FXS. Baseline RSA did not differ across the groups; however, reduced RSA predicted elevated autism severity for the nsASD group but not those with FXS or NT development.DiscussionTaken together, biobehavioral markers differentiated the groups in discrete ways that advance our understanding of autism and promote improved diagnostic clarity using objective measurement.

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Autism‐related language preferences of English‐speaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation

Cited by 91 publications

References 59 publications

Anti-ableist language is fully compatible with high-quality autism research: Response to Singer et al. (2022)

Anti-ableist language is fully compatible with high-quality autism research: Response to Singer et al. (2022)

Autistic kinematics diverge from the power laws that typically govern movement

Negative affect and respiratory sinus arrhythmia are differentially related to social anxiety and autism features in autistic preschoolers contrasted to fragile X syndrome

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