Autism Prevalence in the Medicaid Program and Healthcare Utilization and Costs Among Adult Enrollees Diagnosed with Autism

Jariwala-Parikh, Krutika; Barnard, Marie; Holmes, Erin R.; West-Strum, Donna; Bentley, John P.; Banahan, Benjamin F.; Khanna, Rahul

doi:10.1007/s10488-019-00960-z

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More than a half of autistic adults and cared-for autistic adults reported that they had a hospital contact in the last 2 years and, for the majority, the contact was an outpatient admission which is in line with Jariwala-Parikh et al (65). The most frequent reasons for hospital contact due to cooccurring conditions reported by both groups were pain, anxiety, accident with injury, depression, GI problems, and infection.…”

Section: Reasons For Most Recent Hospital Contactsupporting

confidence: 76%

Autistic Adult Health and Professional Perceptions of It: Evidence From the ASDEU Project

et al. 2021

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The Autism Spectrum Disorders in the European Union (ASDEU) survey investigated the knowledge and health service experiences of users and providers to generate new hypotheses and scientific investigations that would contribute to improvement in health care for autistic adults. An online survey designed for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and professionals in adult services was translated into 11 languages and distributed electronically by organizations and in-country adult service facilities in 2017; 522 autistic adults, 442 carers, and 113 professionals provided answers to the health questions. Professionals, the majority in non-medical services, appeared to be poorly informed about whether certain co-occurring conditions were more frequent in autistic adults than typical adults—especially some medical conditions, suicide attempts, accidents, and pain. A minority of autistic adults reported preventive health behaviors such as routine health check-ups. The majority of users and providers expressed the desire to make health care services more user-friendly for autistic adults. Among the three groups, <20% of responders knew an organization or clinician which has developed a way to monitor health, and prevent poor health, that works well for adults on the autism spectrum. The results point to means for better management of co-occurring conditions associated with autism in adulthood in order to reduce hospital admissions and potential areas of improvement in health and social services for autistic adults. Specifically, efforts should be focused on (1) professionals' education on risks for co-occurring conditions in autistic adults; (2) promoting preventive health behaviors; (3) making services user-friendly for autistic adults and their families; and (4) encouraging knowledge of good local services.

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Section: Reasons For Most Recent Hospital Contactsupporting

confidence: 76%

Autistic Adult Health and Professional Perceptions of It: Evidence From the ASDEU Project

et al. 2021

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“…A recent systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that in the highest quality studies a reliable estimate of male to female ratio was around 3:1, although there is increased recognition that women and girls with autism are underserved and unrecognised based on current diagnostic criteria and service provision (Lockwood Estrin et al, 2020; Loomes et al, 2017). Epidemiological studies of prevalence of autism specifically in adults are scarce, limited to pioneering work by Brugha using the UK Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey population case-register, a 2019 study using administrative data of autism prevalence in the United States Medicaid Program, and a 2021 study using the UK General Practice Research Database (Brugha et al, 2016; Jariwala-Parikh et al, 2019; Russell et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Wales 2016 saw the launch of a new national Integrated Autism Service (IAS) as part of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder Strategic Action Plan from Welsh Government, an example of the development of services to improve provision of autism diagnosis to adults who are more likely to be undiagnosed or experience misdiagnosis (Au-Yeung et al, 2019; Holtom et al, 2019; Lai & Baron-Cohen, 2015). The global burden of autism is unknown, but in the United States and United Kingdom the annual cost is estimated in billions, and earlier identification and assistance enables adaptation and support whilst improving social communication and reducing anxiety (Buescher et al, 2014; Jariwala-Parikh et al, 2019; Lai et al, 2014). No prior whole population analyses of autism rates have been performed in Wales, with only estimates based on the Pupil Level School Age Census of Special Educational Needs and a 1988-2004 clinical registry study of children from the Rhondda and Taff Ely areas of South Wales evident in the literature (Holtom et al, 2019; Latif & Williams, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of increasing recorded diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in Wales, UK – an e-cohort study

Marcos

2021

Preprint

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Autism Spectrum Disorders (Autism) are thought to be relatively common, with analyses estimating 1-2% in the population could meet diagnostic criteria. There is debate over whether the number of new cases is rising, with some suggesting an increase, whilst other studies finding no change. In this study we take anonymised healthcare record data from more than 3.6 million people in Wales to produce a national estimate of prevalence and incidence. We found the overall prevalence rate of autism in the population was 0.51%. The number of new-recorded cases of autism increased from 0.19% per 1000 person-years in 2001 to 0.64% per 1000 person-years in 2016. The estimate of 0.51% prevalence in the population is lower than suggested by previous studies, potentially due to underdiagnosis or lack of recognition by services. From 2000-2016 the number of autism services for adults has increased, and autism is more widely known in society. We suggest that these extra services and awareness have contributed to the 3.4-fold rise in new autism diagnoses over the study and the >150% increase in the years 2008-2016. Our study suggests that while the number of people being diagnosed with autism is increasing, many are still missed by healthcare services.

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“…Corresponding to the increasing number of individuals being diagnosed with autism, there is a growing demand for support to be provided throughout their lifespan (Jariwala-Parikh et al, 2019). Cross-sectional US studies have shown that ASD leads to extensive use of social services and high demands on healthcare (Croteau, Mottron, Dorais, Tarride, & Perreault, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-Training to Support Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Zorzi

Marzano²

2020

SIE

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Social inclusion necessitates educational efforts to be made to address everyday problems and difficulties. Researchers and practitioners widely emphasize the importance of training parents of children with special needs. Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have been successfully taught to improve their parent-child relationship, increase communication skills, and decrease inappropriate behaviors, as well as to reduce their psychological distress. This paper presents the results of a survey carried out within the two-year project EXEC (Extending Social Educators Competences) supported by the European Union.

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Autism Prevalence in the Medicaid Program and Healthcare Utilization and Costs Among Adult Enrollees Diagnosed with Autism

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Autistic Adult Health and Professional Perceptions of It: Evidence From the ASDEU Project

Autistic Adult Health and Professional Perceptions of It: Evidence From the ASDEU Project

Evidence of increasing recorded diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in Wales, UK – an e-cohort study

Parent-Training to Support Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

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