Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores in males and females diagnosed with autism: a naturalistic study

Adamou, Marios; Johnson, Maria; Alty, Bronwen

doi:10.1108/aia-01-2018-0003

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…that relative compared them to typically developing women and not with men samples) as having more severe symptoms than autistic men when compared to typically developing men. As a result of this study and confirmed by others [63,67], it can be concluded that any diagnosis that is excessively dependent on the scores of ADOS-2 or ADI-R could be clearly generating gender bias consequences.…”

Section: -Differential Results By Sex According To the Diagnosticsupporting

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Sex: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

Navarro‐Pardo¹,

López-Ramón²,

Alonso-Esteban³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Studies on the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders show a gender disproportion. In the last years, there has been an increasing interest in the search for an explanation. There are two main lines of research; the first one looks for sex-related biological reasons that justifies the low prevalence of ASD in women (some protective factor related to hormones or immune system among others), and the second line of studies is related to the possible biases introduced in the diagnostic tools or procedures. In this article, a review of the latter line of research is made. Theoretical analysis following two objectives: a) Analysis of possible biases in diagnostic tools and b) Other non-biological explanations for gender differences in the prevalence of ASD. The literature analyzed provides contradictory results although it evidences the possible bias both in the construction of the diagnostic tools and in the assessment and determination of their standards. It is necessary to develop specific or complementary tools and diagnostic procedures differentiated by gender in order to control for this bias.

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Section: -Differential Results By Sex According To the Diagnosticsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Adamou, Johnson & Alty [63] developed a study to determine the possible bias of ADOS in a clinical population. Out of a total of 43 participants (31 men and 12 women), they observed that the positive diagnosis rate in men was 38% while in women only 25%.…”

Section: -Differential Results By Sex According To the Diagnosticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Sex: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

Navarro‐Pardo¹,

López-Ramón²,

Alonso-Esteban³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All correlations controlled for age. For correlations with the ADOS-2 Comparison Score, we also controlled for sex, given possible interactions with sex with this score (Adamou, Johnson, & Alty, 2018). Additionally, partial correlations were conducted to control for social measures when exploring motor correlations, and vice versa.…”

Section: Roi Behavioral Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique deficit in embodied simulation in autism: An fMRI study comparing autism and developmental coordination disorder

Kilroy

Harrison

Butera

et al. 2020

Human Brain Mapping

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A deficit in pre‐cognitively mirroring other people's actions and experiences may be related to the social impairments observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear whether such embodied simulation deficits are unique to ASD or instead are related to motor impairment, which is commonly comorbid with ASD. Here we aim to disentangle how, neurologically, motor impairments contribute to simulation deficits and identify unique neural signatures of ASD. We compare children with ASD (N = 30) to children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD; N = 23) as well as a typically developing group (N = 33) during fMRI tasks in which children observe, imitate, and mentalize about other people's actions. Results indicate a unique neural signature in ASD: during action observation, only the ASD group shows hypoactivity in a region important for simulation (inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis, IFGop). However, during a motor production task (imitation), the IFGop is hypoactive for both ASD and DCD groups. For all tasks, we find correlations across groups with motor ability, even after controlling for age, IQ, and social impairment. Conversely, across groups, mentalizing ability is correlated with activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex when controlling for motor ability. These findings help identify the unique neurobiological basis of ASD for aspects of social processing. Furthermore, as no previous fMRI studies correlated brain activity with motor impairment in ASD, these findings help explain prior conflicting reports in these simulation networks.

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“…Adamou, Johnson and Alty [ 66 ] developed a study to determine possible ADOS bias in a clinical population. Out of a total of 43 participants (31 men and 12 women), they observed that the positive diagnosis rate in men was 38%, while in women it was only 25%.…”

Section: Analysis Of Biases In Methods and Tools For The Diagnosis Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Gender: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders have shown gender disproportion. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in this investigation area. There are two main research lines; the first is focused mostly on gender-related biological reasons that could account for low ASD prevalence in women (i.e., related to some protective factors related to hormones or the immune system, among others), and the second research line studies possible diagnostic biases. In the present study, a review of the latter line of research is made based on two main objectives: (a) analysis of possible biases in diagnostic tools and (b) other nonbiological ASD prevalence explained by gender differences. As a result of our theoretical review, we found that the articles reviewed showed contradictory results and possible diagnostic biases, not only in their design but also in their assessment standards. We concluded that specific or complementary diagnostic tools and procedures differentiated by gender should be developed in order to reduce these biases.

show abstract

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores in males and females diagnosed with autism: a naturalistic study

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Sex: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Sex: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

Unique deficit in embodied simulation in autism: An fMRI study comparing autism and developmental coordination disorder

Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Gender: Analysis of Current Status and Future Lines

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