“…Arguably, the rise of the AFD is better explained in terms of French domestic variables (such as the MFA's failure to control its budget in 2002 (Meimon, 2007, p. 46)) and international factors (such as the rise of NPM theories, which had been espoused by the World Bank and were then brought back to France by Jean-Michel Severino, an outgoing World Bank Vice-President (1997-2000 and the incoming Head of the AFD (2001-10) (Interview with AFD, 2014). Ultimately too, the scale of France's institutional change has remained limited, with little 'convergence towards a common [European] institutional model' (Harmsen, 1999, p. 82), no closures of overseas missions in favour of the EU, and few changes to the SGCI, now relabelled the SGAE (Secrétariat général des affaires européennes), which continues to act as a centralising force, restricting the freedom of manoeuvre of France's permanent representation in Brussels (Rozenberg, 2011, p. 14).…”