Author response: The retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons expressing Atoh1 and Phox2b are essential for the respiratory response to CO2

Ruffault, Pierre-Louis; D’Autréaux, Fabien; Hayes, J. A.; Nomaksteinsky, Marc; Autran, Sandra; Fujiyama, Tomoyuki; Hoshino, Mikio; Hägglund, Martin; Kiehn, Ole; Brunet, Jean-François; Fortin, Gilles; Goridis, Christo

doi:10.7554/elife.07051.017

Cited by 3 publications

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Independent respiratory and locomotor rhythms in running mice

Hérent

Diem

Fortin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Examining whether and how the rhythms of limb and breathing movements interact is highly informative about the mechanistic origin of hyperpnoea to exercise. However, studies have failed to reveal regularities. In particular, whether breathing frequency is inherently proportional to limb velocity and/or imposed by a synchronization of breaths to strides is still unclear. Here, we examined the specifications of respiratory changes during running in mice, the premier model for investigating, in a standardized manner, complex integrative tasks including adaptive breathing. We show that respiratory rate increases during running to a fixed and stable value, irrespective of trotting velocities and of inclination. Yet, respiratory rate was further enhanced during gallop. We also demonstrate the absence of temporal coordination of breaths to strides at any speed, intensity or gait. Our work thus highlights a hardwired mechanism that sets respiratory frequency independently of limb movements but in relation with the engaged locomotor program.

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Independent respiratory and locomotor rhythms in running mice

Hérent

Diem

Fortin

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Effect of 6-OHDA on hypercapnic ventilatory response in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Andrzejewski¹,

Budzinska²,

Kaczyńska

2019

Physiol Res

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Breathing impairments, such as an alteration in breathing pattern, dyspnoea, and sleep apnoea, are common health deficits recognised in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The mechanism that underlies these disturbances, however, remains unclear. We investigated the effect of the unilateral damage to the rat nigrostriatal pathway on the central ventilatory response to hypercapnia, evoked by administering 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The respiratory experiments were carried out in conscious animals in the plethysmography chamber. The ventilatory parameters were studied in normocapnic and hyperoxic hypercapnia before and 14 days after the neurotoxin injection. Lesion with the 6-OHDA produced an increased tidal volume during normoxia. The magnified response of tidal volume and a decrease of breathing frequency to hypercapnia were observed in comparison to the pre-lesion and sham controls. Changes in both respiratory parameters resulted in an increase of minute ventilation of the response to CO(2) by 28% in comparison to the pre-lesion state at 60 s. Our results demonstrate that rats with implemented unilateral PD model presented an altered respiratory pattern most often during a ventilatory response to hypercapnia. Preserved noradrenaline and specific changes in dopamine and serotonin characteristic for this model could be responsible for the pattern of breathing observed during hypercapnia.

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Transcription factors regulating the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons

Xia

Cui

Alonso

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Breathing (or respiration) is an unconscious and complex motor behavior which neuronal drive emerges from the brainstem. In simplistic terms, respiratory motor activity comprises two phases, inspiration (uptake of oxygen, O2) and expiration (release of carbon dioxide, CO2). Breathing is not rigid, but instead highly adaptable to external and internal physiological demands of the organism. The neurons that generate, monitor, and adjust breathing patterns locate to two major brainstem structures, the pons and medulla oblongata. Extensive research over the last three decades has begun to identify the developmental origins of most brainstem neurons that control different aspects of breathing. This research has also elucidated the transcriptional control that secures the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation that operates during the specification of respiratory neurons, and we will highlight the cell lineages that contribute to the central respiratory circuit. Lastly, we will discuss on genetic disturbances altering transcription factor regulation and their impact in hypoventilation disorders in humans.

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Author response: The retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons expressing Atoh1 and Phox2b are essential for the respiratory response to CO2

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Independent respiratory and locomotor rhythms in running mice

Independent respiratory and locomotor rhythms in running mice

Effect of 6-OHDA on hypercapnic ventilatory response in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Transcription factors regulating the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons

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