Author Correction: Interfacial photochemistry at the ocean surface is a global source of organic vapors and aerosols

Abstract

The authors became aware of a mistake in the data displayed in the original version of the paper. Specifically, for the calculation of the total emission estimates (i.e., from an average molecular weight and summed laboratory production values for all VOCs), the authors mistakenly added seasonal estimates to the annual estimates because both values are stored in the same variable of the code. Eventually, this additional sum resulted in a doubling of emission estimates.

Photoinduced Oxidation Reactions at the Air–Water Interface

“…The most obvious one is the amphiphilic character of a large fraction of organic matter and chromophoric compounds. The biogenic surfactants mentioned earlier are an emblematic example as they are ubiquitous in environmental interfaces. ,, Indeed, the photochemistry of microlayers at the ocean surface is a major source of volatile organic compounds, which compete with emissions from marine biology . In addition, the accumulation of organic matter at the ocean’s surface acts as a solar filter that changes the intensity and spectral distribution of the radiation that penetrates into the inner water layers, thereby modifying the photochemistry there .…”

“…137,168,169 Indeed, the photochemistry of microlayers at the ocean surface is a major source of volatile organic compounds, which compete with emissions from marine biology. 170 In addition, the accumulation of organic matter at the ocean's surface acts as a solar filter that changes the intensity and spectral distribution of the radiation that penetrates into the inner water layers, thereby modifying the photochemistry there. 168 However, accumulation at aqueous interfaces is not reserved to surfactants, and both simulations and experiments have clearly demonstrated that many small polar molecules and even soft anions, including important oxidants from the ROS/ RNS chemical families, display affinity for interfaces.…”

Reactive VOC Production from Photochemical and Heterogeneous Reactions Occurring at the Air–Ocean Interface

“…The SSML is enhanced in organic material by factors of 2–4 over bulk surface water (bulk DOC = 40–80 μM C), which is still significantly less than the compact monolayer coverage used in laboratory studies. , SSML enrichment factors are similar across regions of high and low biological productivity, suggesting abiotic emissions, if present, could be viable even in regions removed from local biological productivity . A global modeling study applying laboratory derived photochemical emission factors and SSML coverage parametrized to wind speed proposed a total photochemical emission source of 23.2–91.9 Tg C year –1 . This emission term is competitive with global DMS emissions (21.1 Tg C year –1 ) even at the lower range of the estimate .…”

“…Overview of marine biotic (DMS, monoterpenes (MT), and isoprene) and abiotic (photochemical and heterogeneous) ocean VOC emission sources. Quoted DMS emissions are from the Lana et al (2011) climatology .…”

“…Despite the missing acetaldehyde source, analyses conducted using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model were able to successfully simulate OH radical magnitudes and vertical profiles within the combined uncertainties of the measurement and model . Notably, the global modeling analysis of Travis et al (2020) incorporated photochemical abiotic emissions following Bruggemann et al (2018), which together with an enhanced biogenic emission scheme increased modeled OH reactivity (OHR) over the ocean by 10%. Additionally, a chemical box model simulation using Master Chemical Mechanism v3.3.1 (MCM) chemistry was consistent with observations for OH and hydroperoxyl (HO 2 ) radicals within the measurement uncertainty .…”