Author Correction: Exercise hormone irisin is a critical regulator of cognitive function

Islam, Mohammad Rashedul; Valaris, Sophia; Young, Michael; Haley, Erin B.; Luo, Renhao; Bond, Sabrina F.; Mazuera, Sofia; Kitchen, Robert; Caldarone, Barbara J.; Bettio, Luis E.B.; Christie, Brian R.; Schmider, Angela B.; Soberman, Roy J.; Besnard, Antoine; Jedrychowski, Mark P.; Kim, Hyeonwoo; Tu, Hua; Kim, Eun‐Hee; Choi, Se Hoon; Tanzi, Rudolph E.; Spiegelman, Bruce M.; Wrann, Christiane D.

doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00476-7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Nowadays, physical activity and exercise have been widely acknowledged as effective strategies for improving AD pathology and AD-associated cognitive impairment ( Northey et al, 2018 ; Jia et al, 2019 ; de Farias et al, 2021 ). From a mechanistic perspective, macroscopically, regular exercise has been shown to alleviate some abnormalities of brain structure and function and to increase cerebral blood flow in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD ( Broadhouse et al, 2020 ; Tomoto et al, 2021 ; Yu et al, 2021 ); microscopically, exercise training not only increases levels of exerkines (e.g., irisin, Lourenco et al, 2019 ; Islam et al, 2021 ) and metabolic factors (e.g., lactate, El Hayek et al, 2019 ) in the peripheral circulation, which act on the AD brain indirectly, but also exert direct neuroprotective effects by increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ( Wang and Holsinger, 2018 ) and promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis ( Choi et al, 2018 ), enhancing synaptic plasticity ( Mu et al, 2022 ), reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress ( Zhang et al, 2019 ), and ameliorating Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation ( Brown et al, 2019 ). Strikingly, the activity of central neurotransmitter systems seems to be strongly modulated by exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Based on strong evidence, irisin plays a crucial role in the cognitive benefits of exercise. Prior studies also shed light on irisin as a potential therapeutic agent for some cognitive disorders (88,96,97). Cognitive function was previously thought to be improved by the increased expression of BDNF, which is stimulated by exerciseinduced irisin and lactate (98,99).…”

Section: Irisin and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin: An anti-inflammatory exerkine in aging and redox-mediated comorbidities

et al. 2023

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Human beings lead largely sedentary lives. From an evolutionary perspective, such lifestyle is not beneficial to health. Exercise can promote many enabling pathways, particularly through circulating exerkines, to optimize individual health and quality of life. Such benefits might explain the protective effects of exercise against aging and noncommunicable diseases. Nevertheless, the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms and exerkine interorgan crosstalk that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise remain poorly understood. In this mini review, we focused on the exerkine, irisin, mainly produced by muscle contraction during adaptation to exercise and its beneficial effects on body homeostasis. Herein, the complex role of irisin in metabolism and inflammation is described, including its subsequent effects on thermogenesis through browning to control obesity and improve glycemic regulation for diabetes mellitus control, its potential to improve cognitive function (via brain derived neurotrophic factor), and its pathways of action and role in aging.

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“…Aerobic exercise is a promising strategy to improve neurocognitive function in aging and reduce the risk of age-related neurological disorders ( Barnes et al, 2003 ; Yaffe et al, 2001 ). Most studies have thus far focused on exercise-responsive molecules that could lead to improvement of neural physiology and, thereby, cognitive performance ( De Miguel et al, 2021 ; Islam et al, 2021 ; Valenzuela et al, 2020 ; Wang and Holsinger, 2018 ). Yet, how exercise may exert beneficial effects on vascular contributions to brain aging remain to be fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation

Shin

Pian

Ishikawa

et al. 2023

eLife

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Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment. Aerobic exercise benefits brain function and may promote cognitive health in older adults. However, underlying biological mechanisms across cerebral gray and white matter are poorly understood. Selective vulnerability of the white matter to small vessel disease and a link between white matter health and cognitive function suggests a potential role for responses in deep cerebral microcirculation. Here, we tested whether aerobic exercise modulates cerebral microcirculatory changes induced by aging. To this end, we carried out a comprehensive quantitative examination of changes in cerebral microvascular physiology in cortical gray and subcortical white matter in mice (3–6 vs. 19–21 months old), and asked whether and how exercise may rescue age-induced deficits. In the sedentary group, aging caused a more severe decline in cerebral microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in deep (infragranular) cortical layers and subcortical white matter compared with superficial (supragranular) cortical layers. Five months of voluntary aerobic exercise partly renormalized microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in aged mice in a depth-dependent manner, and brought these spatial distributions closer to those of young adult sedentary mice. These microcirculatory effects were accompanied by an improvement in cognitive function. Our work demonstrates the selective vulnerability of the deep cortex and subcortical white matter to aging-induced decline in microcirculation, as well as the responsiveness of these regions to aerobic exercise.

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Author Correction: Exercise hormone irisin is a critical regulator of cognitive function

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems

Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems

Irisin: An anti-inflammatory exerkine in aging and redox-mediated comorbidities

Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation

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