Authentication of Oviductus Ranae and Its Original Animals Using Molecular Marker.

Xuegan, Yang; Wang, Yiquan; Zhou, Kaiya; Liu, Zhong‐Quan

doi:10.1248/bpb.25.1035

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, Zhao (1986) suggested that G. chilianensis should be classified as a subspecies of G. eckloni from the Yellow River, considering the less obvious morphological variation of Gymnocypris as the habitat approaching. For years, several studies of vertebrates, using the Cyt b gene as a molecular marker, showed that the intraspecific sequence difference ranged from 0 to 0.0406, with differentiation of species appearing obvious in individuals where the sequence difference was greater than 0.0600 (Xuegan et al, 2002;He et al, 2012). In our research, the genetic distances of the Cyt b sequence between the Heihe River G. chilianensis population and the G. przewalskii and G. eckloni populations were 0.0838 and 0.0805, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

B³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. In order to study the genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis on a molecular level, the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene was sequenced for 74 individuals of G. chilianensis from two locations (Heihe River and Shule River) and 42 individuals of its affinis species Gymnocypris przewalskii. Analyses of genetic diversity and sequence differences were conducted for these samples, combined with the analysis of 30 homologous sequences of another affinis species Gymnocypris eckloni, which were downloaded from GenBank. The results showed that both the haplotype diversity (h = 0.9820) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0039) of the Shule River G. chilianensis were lower than the other populations, thus, the Shule River G. chilianensis should be prioritized for protection because of its lower genetic diversity level. The results of sequence analysis showed that the genetic distance between the Heihe River G. chilianensis population and the Shule River G. chilianensis population was 0.0064, and the 9253-9260 (2015) genetic distance between these two populations and the G. przewalskii population was 0.0838 and 0.0810, respectively. The genetic distance between the two G. chilianensis populations and the G. eckloni population was 0.0805 and 0.0778, respectively. Analysis of sequence differences indicates that G. chilianensis is sufficiently diverged from G. przewalskii and G. eckloni to the extent that it has reached species level, thus, G. chilianensis can be considered an independent species of Gymnocypris.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

B³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Traditional Chinese Medicine holds that Oviductus Ranae can nourish yin, moisten lung, and replenish the kidney essence. Meanwhile, activities of Oviductus Ranae such as antiaging, antilipemic, antioxidation, and antifatigue have also been demonstrated by modern pharmacological studies [ 14 ]. Although Oviductus Ranae was reported to augment the immune response by modulating macrophage function [ 15 ], the precise mechanism of its augmentation of cell-mediated immunity remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunostimulatory Activity of Protein Hydrolysate from Oviductus Ranae on Macrophage In Vitro

Huang

Yang

Wang

et al. 2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Oviductus Ranae is the dry oviduct of Rana chensinensis, which is also called R. chensinensis oil. Oviductus Ranae is a valuable Chinese crude drug and is recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of protein hydrolysate of Oviductus Ranae (ORPH) and to assess its possible mechanism. Immunomodulatory activity of ORPH was examined in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The effect of ORPH on the phagocytic activity of macrophages was determined by the neutral red uptake assay. After treatment with ORPH, NO production levels in the culture supernatant were investigated by Griess assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 after treatment with ORPH was measured using ELISA assay. In addition, NF-κB levels were also investigated by Western blot. The results showed that ORPH enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophage, increased productions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO in RAW 264.7 cells, and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS. Besides, NF-κB, levels in RAW 264.7 cells were elevated after ORPH treatment. These findings suggested that ORPH might stimulate macrophage activities by activating the NF-κB pathway.

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“…9 Traditional Chinese medicine holds that Oviductus Ranae can nourish the yin, moisten the lung and replenish the kidney essence. 10 Meanwhile, Oviductus Ranae is mainly composed of proteins and lipid, which are up to 50% or more. 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivities of PPARγ2, leptin and leptin receptor in oviduct of Chinese brown frog during breeding period and pre-hibernation

et al. 2014

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The Chinese brown frog (Rana dybowskii) is a special amphibian with one unique physiological phenomenon, which is that its oviduct expands prior to hibernation, instead of during the breeding period. In this study, we investigate the localization and expression level of PPARγ2, leptin and leptin receptor proteins in oviduct of Rana dybowskii during breeding period and pre-hibernation. There were significant variations in oviductal weight and size, with values much lower in the breeding period than in pre-hibernation. PPARγ2 was observed in stromal and epithelial cells in both periods. Leptin was immunolocalized in epithelial cells in both periods, whereas leptin receptor was detected only in stromal cells. Consistently, the protein levels of PPARγ2, leptin and leptin receptor were higher in pre-hibernation as compared to the breeding period. These results suggested that oviduct was the target organ of leptin, which may play an important paracrine role in regulating the oviductal hypertrophy during prehibernation.

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Authentication of Oviductus Ranae and Its Original Animals Using Molecular Marker.

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene

Genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Gymnocypris chilianensis based on the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene

Immunostimulatory Activity of Protein Hydrolysate from Oviductus Ranae on Macrophage In Vitro

Immunoreactivities of PPARγ2, leptin and leptin receptor in oviduct of Chinese brown frog during breeding period and pre-hibernation

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