Authenticated Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Grover's Algorithm

Abstract

In the quantum key agreement protocols, some attackers can impersonate legal participant to participate in the negotiation process and steal the agreement key easily. This is often overlooked for most quantum key agreement protocols, which makes them insecure. In this paper, an authenticated multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on quantum search algorithm is proposed. In the protocol, combining classical hash function with identity information, the authentication operation conforming to the characteristics of search algorithm is designed. In addition, we give a detailed security analysis, which proves that the protocol is secure against common attacks and impersonation attacks. Meanwhile, single particles, which are used as information carries, and single-particle measurement make our protocol feasible with existing technology.

Improved quantum key agreement protocol with authentication

“…This QKA protocol does not require the help of a semi-trusted third party and some keys for authentication, unlike other QKA protocols. [32,34,35] Therefore, this protocol can reduce the complexity of authentication and save communication costs. Moreover, the security analysis also proves that our scheme is secure, reliable and feasible.…”

“…Whether to introduce Whether to prepare Measurement protocol semi-trusted party the authentication key basis Zhu's [31] no yes single-particle Wu's [32] yes yes GHZ-basis Zhu's [34] yes yes single-particle Zhang's [35] yes yes single-particle Ours no no Bell state…”

“…In recent years, some QKA protocols with identity authentication have been proposed. [31][32][33][34][35] In 2021, Zhu et al [33] presented a QKA protocol for authentication with the help of a semi-trusted third party, Trent, using GHZ-like states. In the protocol, Trent is assumed to be an internal eavesdropper, and the probability that he can eavesdrop the session key K AB is (1/2) L (L denotes the length of K AB ).…”

“…Obviously, the dishonest behavior of these semi-trusted third parties will affect the security of the protocols. In the same year, Zhang et al [35] proposed an authenticated QKA protocol based on a quantum search algorithm. The protocol only restricts P 0 from colluding with other participants, the agreement key is not eavesdropped, where P 0 refers to a semi-trusted third party.…”