Autacoids and Neuropeptides

Stjernschantz, Johan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69222-2_8

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 259 publications

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“…Flares and cells may dissociate occasionally, 18 which can be explained by a difference in the major pathways of the arachidonic acid cascade. 24 Cyclooxygenase plays an important role in the increase in protein in the aqueous, which is observed as fl are by slit-lamp microscopy. In the arachidonic acid cascade, cyclogenase biosynthesizes chemical mediators such as prostaglandins and the platelet-activating factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BAB is located at the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary process and the iridial capillary wall. 24 Surgical manipulation, including paracentesis, can cause a breakdown of the BAB, 16,17,24 leading to an increase in protein (fl are) and cells in the aqueous humor. Important advances in surgical technique, including closed eye surgery, 1 Endotoxins are a major potent infl ammatory substance, and their effects on ocular tissues have been investigated mainly through intravenous injections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimum endotoxin concentration causing inflammation in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum endotoxin concentration causing inflammation in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes

et al. 2009

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“…Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), one of the most potent chemotactic and chemokinetic agents synthesized by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway (Steele et a1 1984), causes an influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in the aqueous humour (Paterson et a1 1984;. Intraocular or topical administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), among the most investigated cyclo-oxygenase products, on the other hand, disrupts the blood-aqueous barrier (Stjernschantz 1984). It has been suggested that miosis induced by paracentesis of the anterior chamber in the rabbit may be, in part, a PGE2-mediated process (Stjernschantz 1984;Kulkarni & Srinvasan 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sodium Naproxen on Inflammatory Response Induced by Anterior Chamber Paracentesis in the Rabbit

Bucolo

Spadaro

1995

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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This study evaluated the effect of sodium naproxen (a reversible competitive inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase) and phenylephrine (a mydriatic alpha-adrenergic agent) eye drops in maintaining atropine mydriasis in the rabbit after paracentesis. Moreover, to assess the influence of these treatments on vascular and cellular inflammatory responses in the rabbit eye, several biochemical parameters were considered. Anterior chamber paracentesis significantly reduced atropine-induced mydriasis and a parallel elevation of proteins, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in the secondary aqueous humour (obtained 120 min later) was observed. A significant increase in PMNs in the aqueous humour and a parallel increase in myeloperoxidase activity, a measure of PMN infiltration, in the iris-ciliary body were detected. Atropine-induced mydriasis was maintained in rabbits treated with either sodium naproxen or phenylephrine eye drops. However, only in the former group were the inflammatory parameters significantly reduced, with the exception of aqueous LTB4 levels. The inhibition of the protein influx in the aqueous humour and of the miosis produced by sodium naproxen can be related to the high drug levels in the aqueous humour that were effective in inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, whereas the effects on PMN infiltration appear to be independent of significant release of the potent chemotactic agent LTB4, synthesized via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.

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“…Morphine itself produces a sus tained ocular hypotension after intravenous or acute intraocular injection in rabbits [24,25], after conjunctival instillation in humans with open-angle glaucoma [25], and in con scious cynomolgus monkeys [26]. This effect is reversible by the opiate antagonist nalox one, indicating that opioid receptors are in volved [25,27], Opiate receptors have been well-studied in the retina [28][29][30][31], and Drago et al [25] suggested they might be present in the iris and ciliary body. Our goals, therefore, included studying the effects of selective opiate agonists (p, k, o, and 6) on melatonin levels in rabbit eye tissues, and screening the rabbit iris and iris root-ciliary body for se lective opioid binding sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Some Opiates and Opioid Peptide Eyedrops on Ocular Melatonin Regulation in Rabbits

Rohde¹,

Zhu²,

Messiry³

et al. 1993

Ophthalmic Res

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Levels of melatonin in rabbit eye tissues were detected by radioimmunoassay. Solutions of met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, α-endorphin and β-endorphin were given topically. Met-Enkephalin and α-endorphin lowered levels of melatonin in the iris, iris root-ciliary body, retina and choroid; leu-enkephalin raised levels in the retina and lowered them in other tissues. β-Endorphin only lowered levels in the iris root-ciliary body. DAGO (a μ agonist) given i.v. lowered levels of melatonin in the iris, iris root-ciliary body and retina. The δ and σ agonists given i.v. only lowered levels in the iris root-ciliary body, and a k agonist given i.v. raised levels in the ciliary body. No opiate binding sites could be detected in the rabbit iris or iris root-ciliay body for any class of receptor. Our data suggest opioids may be useful for treating glaucoma.

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Autacoids and Neuropeptides

Cited by 19 publications

References 259 publications

Minimum endotoxin concentration causing inflammation in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes

Minimum endotoxin concentration causing inflammation in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes

Effect of Sodium Naproxen on Inflammatory Response Induced by Anterior Chamber Paracentesis in the Rabbit

Effects of Some Opiates and Opioid Peptide Eyedrops on Ocular Melatonin Regulation in Rabbits

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