Aussagen über den Quotienten zweier Poisson‐Parameter und deren Anwendungen auf ein Problem der Pockenschutzimpfung

Pfanzagl, J.; Puntigam, F

doi:10.1002/bimj.19610030205

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In adherence to the stipulations of USP 1223 (3), the statistical processing of the data made proper use of the underlying probability distribution of the raw data, i.e., the Poisson distribution, instead of approximations to the normal distribution. In particular, two features of Poisson-distributed data were exploited in the analysis (27,29,33). Given count data, x and y, from two Poisson populations with expectation values (means) and , i.e., XϳPoisson() and YϳPoisson(), then the sum, s ϭ x ϩ y, is again a Poisson variable, SϳPoisson(), with mean ϭ ϩ .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Nylon-Flocked-Swab Protocol for Efficient Recovery of Bacterial Spores from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

Probst

Facius

Wirth

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In order to meet planetary-protection requirements, culturable bacterial spore loads are measured representatively for the total microbial contamination of spacecraft. However, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) cotton swab protocols for spore load determination have not changed for decades. To determine whether a more efficient alternative was available, a novel swab was evaluated for recovery of different Bacillus atrophaeus spore concentrations on stainless steel and other surfaces. Two protocols for the nylon-flocked swab (NFS) were validated and compared to the present NASA standard protocol. The results indicate that the novel swab protocols recover 3-to 4-fold more (45.4% and 49.0% recovery efficiency) B. atrophaeus spores than the NASA standard method (13.2%). Moreover, the nylon-flocked-swab protocols were superior in recovery efficiency for spores of seven different Bacillus species, including Bacillus anthracis Sterne (recovery efficiency, 20%). The recovery efficiencies for B. atrophaeus spores from different surfaces showed a variation from 5.9 to 62.0%, depending on the roughness of the surface analyzed. Direct inoculation of the swab resulted in a recovery rate of about 80%, consistent with the results of scanning electron micrographs that allowed detailed comparisons of the two swab types. The results of this investigation will significantly contribute to the cleanliness control of future life detection missions and will provide significant improvement in detection of B. anthracis contamination for law enforcement and security efforts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Nylon-Flocked-Swab Protocol for Efficient Recovery of Bacterial Spores from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

Probst

Facius

Wirth

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In adherence to the stipulation of USP (United States Pharmacopeia) 1223 (5), the statistical processing of the data makes proper use of the underlying probability distribution of the raw data, i.e., the Poisson distribution, instead of approximations to the normal distribution. In particular, two features of Poisson distributed data are exploited in the analysis (29,32,36). …”

Section: Vol 77 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Bacillus Spore Contaminants from Rough Surfaces: a Challenge to Space Mission Cleanliness Control

Probst

Facius

Wirth

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Some Inferences about Gamma Parameters with an Application to a Reliability Problem

Lentner

Buehler

1963

Journal of the American Statistical Association

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Aussagen über den Quotienten zweier Poisson‐Parameter und deren Anwendungen auf ein Problem der Pockenschutzimpfung

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Validation of a Nylon-Flocked-Swab Protocol for Efficient Recovery of Bacterial Spores from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

Validation of a Nylon-Flocked-Swab Protocol for Efficient Recovery of Bacterial Spores from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

Recovery of Bacillus Spore Contaminants from Rough Surfaces: a Challenge to Space Mission Cleanliness Control

Some Inferences about Gamma Parameters with an Application to a Reliability Problem

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