Ausentes, pero representados: mecanismos institucionales de representación de emigrantes en América Latina y el Caribe

Abstract

Fecha de recepción: 28 de julio del 2016 Fecha de aceptación y versión final: 26 de junio del 2017 RESUMEN: Este trabajo, partiendo del marco brindado por los estudios sobre transnacionalismo y representación política, investiga dos de los mecanismos institucionales que 22 Estados de América Latina y el Caribe han diseñado para incorporar en su proceso político a sus emigrantes -la reserva de puestos en cámaras legislativas y los consejos consultivos-. El análisis revela que únicamente la mitad de los Estados de la muestra cuentan con algún mecanismo de representación institucional de emigrantes.Palabras clave: emigrantes; consejos consultivos; cámaras legislativas; representación; transnacionalismo.ABSTRACT: This paper, using the framework provided by studies on transnationalism and political representation, analyzes the institutional mechanisms that 22 states of Latin America and the Caribbean have designed to formally incorporate emigrants into their political process -reserved seats in their legislative chambers and advisory boards-. This analysis reveals that almost half of the states included in the sample do have a mechanism of institutional representation for emigrants.

Beyond Emigrant Voting: Consultation as a Mechanism of Political Incorporation from Abroad OR not all Emigrant Consultative Bodies are Born the Same

“…That degree of entitlement is the third main characteristic that varies across consultative councils that and that we consider crucial to understand their degree of influence depends highly on the conditions of the consultation process. To measure the degree of entitlement of consultative institutions we should consider, for instance, the regularity of its reunions, and the enforceability of its recommendations (Palop-García, 2017;Pedroza, Palop-García, & Hoffmann, 2016).…”

“…Although some scholars study immigrant consultative bodies as a mechanism to incorporate the voice of immigrants in the state of reception (Andersen, 1990;Gsir & Martiniello, 2004), emigrant consultative bodies have fallen into the background in the studies on political transnationalism (Palop-García, 2017). This is surprising given that some scholars studying emigrant citizenship have portrayed emigrant consultative bodies as either an alternative to special representation of non-resident citizens (Bauböck, 2006(Bauböck, , 2015 or an important co-component of a larger dimension of 'external political citizenship' (Lafleur 2013).…”

“…The names of the consultative bodies found for each country are: Brazil: Conselho de Representantes de Brasileiros no Exterior (CRBE) (national), and Conselhos de Cidadanía (consular); Guatemala: Consejo Nacional de Atención al Migrante de Guatemala (CONAMIGUA) (national); Jamaica: Diaspora Advisory Group (national); México: Consejo Consultivo del Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior (national); Peru: Consejos de Consulta de las Comunidades Peruanas en el Exterior (consular), Dominican Republic: Consejo Nacional para las comunidades dominicanas en el exterior (national); Consejos Consultivos de la Presidencia de los Dominicanos en el Exterior (consular); and Uruguay: Encuentro Mundial de los Consejos Consultivos de los Uruguayos en el Exterior (national), Consejos Consultivos de los Uruguayos en el Exterior (consular). For an in-depth discussion of the characteristics of these consultative bodies, please seePedroza et al (2016) andPalop-García (2017).…”