Aurora Borealis in dentistry: The applications of cold plasma in biomedicine

Abstract

Plasma is regularly alluded to as the fourth form of matter. Its bounty presence in nature along with its potential antibacterial properties has made it a widely utilized disinfectant in clinical sciences. Thermal plasma and non-thermal (or cold atmospheric) plasma (NTP) are two types of plasma. Atoms and heavy particles are both available at the same temperature in thermal plasma. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is intended to be non-thermal since its electrons are hotter than the heavier particles at ambient temperature. Direct barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric plasma pressure jet (APPJ), etc. methods can be used to produce plasma, however, all follow a basic concept in their generation. This review focuses on the anticipated uses of cold atmospheric plasma in dentistry, such as its effectiveness in sterilizing dental instruments by eradicating bacteria, its advantage in dental cavity decontamination over conventional methods, root canal disinfection, its effects on tooth whitening, the benefits of plasma treatment on the success of dental implant placement, and so forth. Moreover, the limitations and probable solutions has also been anticipated. These conceivable outcomes thus have proclaimed the improvement of more up-to-date gadgets, for example, the plasma needle and plasma pen, which are efficient in treating the small areas like root canal bleaching, biofilm disruption, requiring treatment in dentistry.

The In-Vitro Activity of a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device Utilizing Ambient Air against Bacteria and Biofilms Associated with Periodontal or Peri-Implant Diseases

“…The application of CAP has emerged in the medical field, including the dental field, in the recent decade and the areas of application are manifold, e.g., treatment of chronic and acute wounds, regenerative medicine [ 14 ], orthopedic and vascular surgery, ophthalmology [ 15 ], and oncology [ 16 ]. In dentistry, CAP application might be of interest for many indications, such as instrument sterilization, disinfection of cavities after the removal of dental caries, teeth bleaching, increase of the bonding of adhesive restorations and wound healing, treat Candida infections and remove biofilm [ 17 ]. In terms of an anti-biofilm effect, the use of CAP is discussed in endodontics [ 18 ] and non-surgical periodontal therapy [ 19 ], but in particular in implantology and the therapy of peri-implant diseases [ 20 ].…”

Applications of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Dentistry- A Review

“…As a result, endodontic files, which come into direct contact with the peripheral tissues, pose an elevated risk of CJD transmission. Hence, using gas plasma irradiation is highly recommended to reduce the risk of transfer of proteinaceous components between the endodontic files and patients when the instruments are reused [18,19].…”

Simultaneous Treatment of Both Sides of the Polymer with a Conical-Shaped Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet

“…APPJs generate plasma plumes in open spaces, enabling the direct treatment of samples of different shapes and sizes [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Over the years, APPJs have been successfully tested in many applications, such as material treatment, sterilization, cancer and wound treatment, aesthetic applications, and dentistry [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Many different configurations of APPJs are reported in the literature.…”