Auricular Cartilage Regeneration with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Rabbits

Abstract

Tissue engineering cell-based therapy using induced pluripotent stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may be promising tools for therapeutic applications in tissue engineering because of their abundance, relatively easy harvesting, and high proliferation potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ASCs can promote the auricular cartilage regeneration in the rabbit. In order to assess their differentiation ability, ASCs were injected into the midportion of a surgically created auricular cartilage defect in the rabbit. Control group was injected with normal saline. After 1 month, the resected auricles were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The expression of collagen type II and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Histopathology showed islands of new cartilage formation at the site of the surgically induced defect in the ASC group. Furthermore, Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for S-100 showed numerous positive chondroblasts. The expression of collagen type II and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in the ASCs than in the control group. In conclusion, ASCs have regenerative effects on the auricular cartilage defect of the rabbit. These effects would be expected to contribute significantly to the regeneration of damaged cartilage tissue in vivo.

Comparative Analysis of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells and Their Secretome for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

“…ADSC Isolation and Culture. As described previously [8], adipose tissue was obtained from the inguinal region, washed extensively with equal volumes of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and digested with 0.075% collagenase type I (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37°C for 30 min. After neutralization of enzyme activity with α-modified Eagle's medium (α-MEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the samples were centrifuged at 1,200 × g for 10 min and the pellets were incubated overnight in control medium at 37°C under 5% CO 2 .…”

“…Many factors have been implicated in cell recruitment, proliferation, survival, and differentiation during cartilage regeneration. Of the various cytokines and growth factors, the TGF-β superfamily contains well-established growth factors used to induce chondrogenic differentiation [8]. TGF-β1 is involved in classical chondrogenic differentiation and stimulates the synthetic activities of chondrocytes [28].…”

“…Rabbit auricular cartilage defects were completely repaired by chondrocytes derived from allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs [7]. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) also repaired such defects, associated with high-level expression of the proteins S-100, collagen type II, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [8]. Recently, stem cell-derived substrates and secretomes have been used as therapeutic tools and for cartilage regeneration [1].…”

Epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells: Important microenvironmental regulators in health, disease, and regeneration

“…in 2001 [ 37 ] and demonstrate equal or greater proliferative capacity and multipotency in vitro compared to their bone marrow cousins. [ 22,37 ] Cultured ADSCs retain the ability to differentiate into adipose, [ 38 ] bone, [ 39,40,41 ] and cartilage [ 42‐44 ] in vivo . ADSC shave also been employed in peripheral nerve repair strategies, with some studies suggesting that ADSC scan respond to injury within neighboring tissues in vivo via neuronal differentiation, [ 45 ] or enhance endogenous nerve repair [ 46 ] through the release of trophic factors.…”

Fabrication and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Nanodiamonds-Gelatin Electrospun Materials Designed for Prospective Tissue Regeneration Applications

“…Among the adult stem cells types, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) can be easily isolated from fatty tissue due to minimal invasive procedures, such as liposuction. ASCs are able to undergo differentiation towards adipogenic [24], osteogenic [25] and chondrogenic [26] lineages. Interestingly, ASCs seem to be capable of differentiating also to several cell types originating from the ectoderm [27].…”