Aurantii Fructus: a systematic review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Gao, Tianhui; Jiang, Maoyuan; Deng, Bin; Zhang, Zhen; Fu, Qiang; Fu, Chaomei

doi:10.1007/s11101-020-09725-1

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…The prototype components mainly include naringin, isomeranzin, limonin and neohesperidin in Citrus aurantium 58 ; alycosin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐ d ‐glucoside, formononetin and ononin in A. membranaceus 59 ; ginsenoside Rg 1 , ginsenoside Rb 1 and ginsenoside Re in P. notoginseng 60 , rhein and emodin in Rheum palmatum , 61 and morroniside in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc 62 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of the herb composition of Tangshen formula and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of its metabolites in rat plasma

Yu²,

Cai

et al. 2021

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Tangshen formula (TSF) is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of seven medicinal herbs including Astragalus membranaceus, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Citrus aurantium L., etc. which is used to treat diabetic nephropathy III, IV qi and yin deficiency and stasis syndrome. Most of the studies on TSF are pharmacological and pharmacodynamic experiments. There are few basic studies on its chemical substances, and the effective constituents are not clear. Objective To analyse the main chemical components of TSF and the absorbed components in rat plasma following oral administration based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Moreover, providing a rapid and valid analytical strategy for simultaneous determination of six components in rat plasma and use it in pharmacokinetic studies. Results A total of 132 components were identified in TSF, and 44 components were identified in rat plasma after oral TSF, 35 of which were prototype components and nine were metabolic components. A sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of six components in rat plasma. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 15%; the accuracy of low, medium and high concentrations ranged from 80% to 120%. The recovery met the requirements and the RSD of the recoveries was less than 15%. Conclusion A total of 132 components were identified in TSF. The LC–MS/MS quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of morroniside, loganin, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside IV in rat plasma was established for the first time. The pharmacokinetic parameters are clarified, which can guide the clinical medication of TSF.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of the herb composition of Tangshen formula and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of its metabolites in rat plasma

Yu²,

Cai

et al. 2021

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…Therefore, it is less meaningful to evaluate the traditional e cacy of a single herb. It is reported about 62 compounds has been isolated and assuredly identi ed from ZQ so far, in which avonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, limonoids and volatile oils would be the main components [4]. And these ingredients are usually associated with its biological and pharmacological activities.…”

Section: Selection Of Q-markers For Zqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to ChP2020, ZQ medicinal species include Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivated varieties, and the cultivars primarily contain C. aurantium 'Huangpi', C. aurantium 'Daidai', C. aurantium 'Chuluan' and C. aurantium 'Tangcheng'. And it is recorded that ZQ is generally distributed in Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Fujian, and Guangdong province in China [4]. Among them, ZQ produced in Zhangshu of Jiangxi province was the authentic source and had the superior quality.…”

Section: Obtaining Source Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and evaluation of Orange Fruit Reference Extract based on the principles of Q-markers-A general procedure for establishing Herbal Reference Extracts used for identification

Zhao

Wang

Guo³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Herbal Reference Extracts (HREs) have been used for the overall quality control (QC) of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) and used as an effective strategy for solving the shortage of reference standards in quality evaluation of TCMs in recently years. But the preparation and evaluation of it has rarely been reported. The ideal HREs should be a combination of Chemical Reference (CR) and Efficacy Reference (ER). However, it is not realistic to achieve "completely extracted" of TCMs at the present stage. Quality markers (Q-markers) provides a series of effective and scientific strategies for QC of TCMs. And Q-markers-based HREs should be a meaningful attempt to promote the standardization of quality evaluation system for TCMs. Purpose Preparation adequate HREs based on the principles of Q-markers, and used for quality evaluation of relevant preparation products. Then propose the general procedure for establishing HREs used for identification. Methods The authenticity, specificity, consistency and stability (ASCS) were the four essential principles of HREs. In this study, we chose Aurantii Fructus as an example, Firstly, selected 7 Q-markers of it which has the properties of specificity, effectiveness and testability based on the combination of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method (AHP-EWM). Secondly, preparated its reference extract which is called Orange Fruit Reference Extract (OFRE) based on ASCS and its Q-markers. Thirdly, established the QC method of OFRE according to its usage requirements. And finally, demonstrated its application of the thin layer chromatography (TLC) identification and characteristic chromatogram identification in the Orange fruit formula granule (or called Zhiqiao Peifangkeli, ZQPK). Results Compared with the Herbal Reference Substance (HRS) which with characteristic appearance or morphological structure, OFRE can be used for TLC identification of ZQPK conveniently, without complicated extraction or purification steps. And in the analysis of characteristic chromatogram of ZQPK, the OFRE can provid a rather simple profile, the main naringin, neohesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin were clearly separated, which indicated that the OFRE could be used to identify the characteristic chromatogram of ZQPK and reduce the use of Chemical Reference Substance (CRS). And finally, we propose the general procedure for establishing HREs used for identification. Conclusion In summary, Q-markers-based HREs is feasibility, and should have a broader application prospect. And this research concept can serve as a reference for study on preparation, evaluation and application of HREs used for identification.

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“…In addition, AFI is pickled with chili peppers and eaten as an appetizer in Jiangxi Province, China. AFI is mainly used as an adjuvant for the treatment of indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, chest pain, organ prolapse and other diseases (Gao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae—Assessing the influence of herbal processing methods and improved effects on functional dyspepsia

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: The unique pharmaceutical methods for the processing of botanical drugs according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) affect clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. The objective of this study was to comprehensively elucidate the principles and mechanisms of an herbal processing method by investigating the alterations in the metabolites of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (AMR) processed by Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) decoction and to determine how these changes enhance the efficacy of aqueous extracts in treating functional dyspepsia (FD).Methods: A qualitative analysis of AMR before and after processing was conducted using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and HPLC was employed for quantitative analysis. A predictive analysis was then conducted using a network analysis strategy to establish a botanical drug–metabolite–target–disease (BMTD) network and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and the predictions were validated using an FD rat model.Results: A total of 127 metabolites were identified in the processed AMR (PAMR), and substantial changes were observed in 8 metabolites of PAMR after processing, as revealed by the quantitative analysis. The enhanced aqueous extracts of processed AMR (PAMR) demonstrate improved efficacy in treating FD, which indicates that this processing method enhances the anti-inflammatory properties and promotes gastric motility by modulating DRD2, SCF, and c-kit. However, this enhancement comes at the cost of attenuating the regulation of motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), acetylcholine (Ach), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE).Conclusion: Through this series of investigations, we aimed to unravel the factors influencing the efficacy of this herbal formulation in improving FD in clinical settings.

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Aurantii Fructus: a systematic review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Cited by 19 publications

References 167 publications

UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of the herb composition of Tangshen formula and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of its metabolites in rat plasma

UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of the herb composition of Tangshen formula and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of its metabolites in rat plasma

Preparation and evaluation of Orange Fruit Reference Extract based on the principles of Q-markers-A general procedure for establishing Herbal Reference Extracts used for identification

Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae—Assessing the influence of herbal processing methods and improved effects on functional dyspepsia

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