Augmented neutralisation resistance of emerging omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5

Arora, Prerna; Kempf, Amy; Nehlmeier, Inga; Schulz, Sebastian; Cossmann, Anne; Stankov, Metodi V.; Jäck, Hans‐Martin; Behrens, Georg; Pöhlmann, Stefan; Hoffmann, Markus

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00422-4

Cited by 85 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In recent months, omicron (B.1.1.529) became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant, displaying some degree of immune evasion 1,2 . The initial omicron subvariants, BA.1 and BA.2, are being progressively displaced by BA.5 in many countries, possibly due to greater transmissibility and partial evasion of BA.1/BA.2-induced immunity 3,4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both issues may be interlocked: in situations where some degree of immune evasion is present, the waning of protection appears to be more rapid. Omicron subvariants are known to differ from pre-omicron variants in having a higher capacity to evade humoral immunity [1][2][3][4] . It was demonstrated for immune responses directed towards SARS-CoV-2 that the decline of neutralizing antibodies over time appears to follow a similar slope 9 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of BA.5 infection in individuals exposed to prior SARS-CoV-2 variants

Malato

Ribeiro

Leite

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 subvariant is progressively displacing earlier subvariants, BA.1 and BA.2, in many countries. One possible explanation is the ability of BA.5 to evade immune responses elicited by prior BA.1 and BA.2 infections. The impact of BA.1 infection on the risk of reinfection with BA.5 is a critical issue because adapted vaccines under current clinical development are based on BA.1. We used the national Portuguese COVID-19 registry to analyze the risk of BA.5 infection in individuals without a documented infection or previously infected during periods of distinct variants' predominance (Wuhan-Hu-1, alpha, delta, BA.1/BA.2). National predominance periods were established according to the national SARS-CoV-2 genetic surveillance data (when one variant represented >90% of the sample isolates). We found that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced the risk for BA.5 infection. The protection effectiveness, related to the uninfected group, for a first infection with Wuhan-Hu-1 was 52.9% (95% CI, 51.9 - 53.9%), for Alpha 54.9% (51.2 - 58.3%), for Delta 62.3% (61.4 - 63.3%), and for BA.1/BA.2 80.0% (79.7 - 80.2%). The results ought to be interpreted in the context of breakthrough infections within a population with a very high vaccine coverage (>98% of the study population completed the primary vaccination series). In conclusion, infection with BA.1/BA.2 reduces the risk for breakthrough infections with BA.5 in a highly vaccinated population. This finding is critical to appraise the current epidemiological situation and the development of adapted vaccines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of BA.5 infection in individuals exposed to prior SARS-CoV-2 variants

Malato

Ribeiro

Leite

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…26 While BA.4 and BA.5 share similar mutations in the S gene, BA.2.12.1 contains unique mutations. 27 Several reports show that while immune evasion of BA.2.12.1 is only moderately enhanced when compared to BA.2, a more robust immune evasion by BA.4 and BA.5 is detected. 27 , 28 Further investigations on the biological characteristics of these subvariants would provide insights on their transmission and pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant in ex vivo cultures of the human upper and lower respiratory tract

Hui

et al. 2022

eBioMedicine

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“…To answer potential urgency for COVID-19 wave, the several groups conducted the ability of immunoprophylaxis conferred by vaccination or infection with previous variants. The recent reports showed that BA.4/BA.5 substantially escape from neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination or infection [4][5][6][7][8] . By genome sequencing and evolutionary analyses, BA.4 and BA.5 are more similar to BA.2 than to the BA.1 strain that surged in late last year.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5

Tamura

Yamasoba

Oda

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Unremitting emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants imposes us to continuous control measurement. Given the rapid spread, new Omicron subvariant named BA.5 is urgently required for characterization. Here we analyzed BA.5 with the other Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and ancestral B.1.1 comprehensively. Although in vitro growth kinetics of BA.5 is comparable among the Omicron subvariants, BA.5 become much more fusogenic than BA.1 and BA.2. The airway-on-a-chip analysis showed that the ability of BA.5 to disrupt the respiratory epithelial and endothelial barriers is enhanced among Omicron subvariants. Furthermore, in our hamster model, in vivo replication of BA.5 is comparable with that of the other Omicrons and less than that of the ancestral B.1.1. Importantly, inflammatory response against BA.5 is strong compared with BA.1 and BA.2. Our data suggest that BA.5 is still low pathogenic compared to ancestral strain but evolved to induce enhanced inflammation when compared to prior Omicron subvariants.

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Augmented neutralisation resistance of emerging omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5

Cited by 85 publications

References 10 publications

Risk of BA.5 infection in individuals exposed to prior SARS-CoV-2 variants

Risk of BA.5 infection in individuals exposed to prior SARS-CoV-2 variants

Replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant in ex vivo cultures of the human upper and lower respiratory tract

Comparative pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5

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