A PREVIOUS study (Cherry and Glucksmann, 1965) of the histogenesis of cancers induced by the injection of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) into the salivary glands of rats showed a sex difference in rate of induction of carcinomas. The duration of risk of inducing carcinomas was found to be limited to a few months, and that for sarcomas to extend over years; we observed that carcinomas pass through various stages of development and before reaching full xenoplasia, i.e. the ability to grow in various environments, they were likely to be strangled by sarcomas developing in their neighbourhood. While carcinomas showed a linear relation for cumulative percentage and time, sarcomas at first tended to develop at a fast rate and later more slowly thus giving a biphasic graph.The present report is concerned with the sex difference in the induction of tumours of the salivary glands in rats and examines the process in intact and castrate males and females. In addition each of the four groups has been treated with testosterone, with stilboestrol or with testosterone plus stilboestrol. Because of the influence of the thyroid on the submaxillary gland (Arvy, Debray and Gabe, 1950; Arvy and Gabe, 1950a, b;Grad and Leblond, 1949; Hammett, 1923; Shafer and Muhler, 1956), we have also investigated the influence of L-thyroxine and of methylthiouracil on tumour induction in intact and castrate male and female rats. The sexual dimorphism of the salivary glands in rats and mice (Grad and Leblond, 1949;Jacoby and Leeson, 1959;Junqueira, Fajer, Rabinovitch and Frankenthal, 1949 ; Lacassagne, 1940a, b; Shafer and Muhler, 1953) has been established particularly with regard to the submandibular gland. With radiation exposures a sex difference was observed for the induction of adenomas in the sublingual gland (Glucksmann and Cherry, 1962). The present research was undertaken to determine whether sex and thyroid hormones influence carcinogenesis and if so at what stages and in which tissues and cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODSFor these experiments 521 black-hooded, laboratory bred rats aged 2 to 3 months were used. Each rat received under ether-anaesthesia an injection of 0.1 ml. of a saturated acetone solution of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) into the right and left salivary gland complex. In order to deposit the carcinogen in all 3 salivary glands 0*05 ml. was injected in an anterior direction into the submandibular plus sublingual gland and the other 0-05 ml. in a posterior