Auger Electron Spectroscopy

Ilyin, A.M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-46141-2.00011-0

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It can also happen that a second electron is ejected to remove excess energy. This electron is called the Auger electron [19]. The photoelectric effect strongly depends on Z, having dominance preferably in elements with high Z and with low energy photons.…”

Section: Photoelectric Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Acevedo-Del-Castillo

Águila-Toledo

Maldonado-Magnere

et al. 2021

IJMS

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This paper revises the use of polymer nanocomposites to attenuate high-energy electromagnetic radiation (HE-EMR), such as gamma radiation. As known, high-energy radiation produces drastic damage not only in facilities or electronic devices but also to life and the environment. Among the different approaches to attenuate the HE-EMR, we consider the use of compounds with a high atomic number (Z), such as lead, but as known, lead is toxic. Therefore, different works have considered low-toxicity post-transitional metal-based compounds, such as bismuth. Additionally, nanosized particles have shown higher performance to attenuate HE-EMR than those that are micro-sized. On the other hand, materials with π-conjugated systems can also play a role in spreading the energy of electrons ejected as a consequence of the interaction of HE-EMR with matter, preventing the ionization and bond scission of polymers. The different effects produced by the interactions of the matter with HE-EMR are revised. The increase of the shielding properties of lightweight, flexible, and versatile materials such as polymer-based materials can be a contribution for developing technologies to obtain more efficient materials for preventing the damage produced for the HE-EMR in different industries where it is found.

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Section: Photoelectric Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Acevedo-Del-Castillo

Águila-Toledo

Maldonado-Magnere

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Figure 10 depicts characterization tools with different technological basis. Essential characterization approaches for semiconductor nanomaterials are summarized in Table 3 [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 ].…”

Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Nanofabrication, Characterization and Applications

et al. 2022

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The development of modern cutting-edge technology relies heavily on the huge success and advancement of nanotechnology, in which nanomaterials and nanostructures provide the indispensable material cornerstone. Owing to their nanoscale dimensions with possible quantum limit, nanomaterials and nanostructures possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, rich surface/interface effects, and distinct physical and chemical properties compared with their bulk counterparts, leading to the remarkably expanded horizons of their applications. Depending on their degree of spatial quantization, low-dimensional nanomaterials are generally categorized into nanoparticles (0D); nanorods, nanowires, and nanobelts (1D); and atomically thin layered materials (2D). This review article provides a comprehensive guide to low-dimensional nanomaterials and nanostructures. It begins with the classification of nanomaterials, followed by an inclusive account of nanofabrication and characterization. Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches are discussed in detail. Next, various significant applications of low-dimensional nanomaterials are discussed, such as photonics, sensors, catalysis, energy storage, diverse coatings, and various bioapplications. This article would serve as a quick and facile guide for scientists and engineers working in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials.

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“…For K shell vacancies, the Auger yield decreases with atomic number (Z), and for Z = 30 (zinc) the probabilities of the emission of X rays from the innermost shell and of the emission of Auger electrons is about equal. 18 When Compton scattering occurs, the electron is spread away together with a new photon that has a lower energy than the incoming one. Highly energetic photons (E > 1.02 MeV) produce an electron‐positron pair.…”

Section: Interaction Of Photons With Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vacancy created in the inner layer is filled by an electron from an outer layer, the energy being released in the form of a fluorescence X‐ray photon or an Auger electron. For K shell vacancies, the Auger yield decreases with atomic number (Z), and for Z = 30 (zinc) the probabilities of the emission of X rays from the innermost shell and of the emission of Auger electrons is about equal 18 . When Compton scattering occurs, the electron is spread away together with a new photon that has a lower energy than the incoming one.…”

Section: Interaction Of Photons With Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation nanosensitizers in cancer therapy—From preclinical discoveries to the outcomes of early clinical trials

Bilynsky

Millot

Papa

2021

Bioengineering & Transla Med

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Improving the efficacy and spatial targeting of radiation therapy while sparing surrounding normal tissues has been a guiding principle for its use in cancer therapy. Nanotechnologies have shown considerable growth in terms of innovation and the development of new therapeutic approaches, particularly as radiosensitizers. The aim of this study was to systematically review how nanoparticles (NPs) are used to enhance the radiotherapeutic effect, including preclinical and clinical studies. Clinicaltrials.gov was used to perform the search using the following terms: radiation, cancer, and NPs. In this review, we describe the various designs of nano‐radioenhancers, the rationale for using such technology, as well as their chemical and biological effects. Human trials are then discussed with an emphasis on their design and detailed clinical outcomes.

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Auger Electron Spectroscopy

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

A Review on Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Nanofabrication, Characterization and Applications

Radiation nanosensitizers in cancer therapy—From preclinical discoveries to the outcomes of early clinical trials

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