Auditory specificity in unit recordings from cat's visual cortex

Spinelli, D.N.; Starr, Arnold; Barrett, T. W.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(68)90020-4

Cited by 82 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These recent results were highly complementary to the pioneer works of Schroeder's laboratory that have revealed the multimodal feature of the monkey auditory belt where both visual and somatosensory responses can be evoked (Schroeder et al, 2001;Schroeder and Foxe, 2002;Fu et al, 2003). In the carnivore, while previous studies have reported that the visual cortex can be activated by auditory stimuli (Spinelli et al, 1968;Morrell, 1972;Fishman and Michael, 1973), intracellular recording in the primary visual cortex (A17) have recently failed to find such auditory responses (Sanchez-Vives et al, 2006). Consequently, because no evidence of auditory or visuo-auditory activity was reported at the single cell level in the awake monkey and to investigate the role of the A1 to V1 projection described in the macaque, we performed an electrophysiological study of the effect of an auditory stimulus on the neuronal activity of area V1 in a behaving monkey performing an oculomotor task (Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Electrophysiological Evidence In the Primary Sensory Areassupporting

confidence: 74%

Multisensory anatomical pathways

2009

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In order to interact with the multisensory world that surrounds us, we must integrate various sources of sensory information (vision, hearing, touch. . .). A fundamental question is thus how the brain integrates the separate elements of an object defined by several sensory components to form a unified percept. The superior colliculus was the main model for studying multisensory integration. At the cortical level, until recently, multisensory integration appeared to be a characteristic attributed to high-level association regions. First, we describe recently observed direct cortico-cortical connections between different sensory cortical areas in the non-human primate and discuss the potential role of these connections. Then, we show that the projections between different sensory and motor cortical areas and the thalamus enabled us to highlight the existence of thalamic nuclei that, by their connections, may represent an alternative pathway for information transfer between different sensory and/or motor cortical areas. The thalamus is in position to allow a faster transfer and even an integration of information across modalities. Finally, we discuss the role of these non-specific connections regarding behavioral evidence in the monkey and recent electrophysiological evidence in the primary cortical sensory areas.

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Section: Electrophysiological Evidence In the Primary Sensory Areassupporting

confidence: 74%

Multisensory anatomical pathways

2009

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“…Because source estimations were performed after first Raij et al, 2010), suggesting that pathways for convergence may be the same as those generating interaction effects (although this remains to be more thoroughly examined; reviewed in Meredith et al, 2009 andvan Atteveldt et al, 2014a). In agreement with this notion are data from animals demonstrating auditory as well as somatosensory cross-modal convergence within visual cortex of monkeys Wang et al, 2008), cats (Murata et al, 1965;Spinelli et al, 1968;Morrell, 1972;Majkowski and Sobieszek, 1972;Fishman and Michael, 1973), and mice (Iurilli et al, 2012). For example, Iurilli et al (2012) showed that auditory inputs suppressed visual responses within infragranular layers of primary visual cortex via GABAergic synapses and moreover that this suppression was directly linked to performance (as measured by a conditioned motor response).…”

Section: Electromagnetic Signals (Eeg/meg)supporting

confidence: 64%

The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex

et al. 2016

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2It has been nearly ten years since Ghazanfar and Schroeder (2006) proposed that the neocortex is essentially multisensory in nature. However, it is only recently that sufficient and hard evidence that supports this proposal has accrued. We review evidence that activity within the human primary visual cortex plays an active role in multisensory processes and directly impacts behavioural outcome. This evidence emerges from a full pallet of human brain imaging and brain mapping methods with which multisensory processes are quantitatively assessed by taking advantage of particular strengths of each technique as well as advances in signal analyses. Several general conclusions about multisensory processes in primary visual cortex of humans are supported relatively solidly. First, haemodynamic methods (fMRI/PET) show that there is both convergence and integration occurring within primary visual cortex. Second, primary visual cortex is involved in multisensory processes during early post-stimulus stages (as revealed by EEG/ERP/ERFs as well as TMS). Third, multisensory effects in primary visual cortex directly impact behaviour and perception, as revealed by correlational (EEG/ERPs/ERFs) as well as more causal measures (TMS/tACS). While the provocative claim of Ghazanfar and Schroeder (2006) that the whole of neocortex is multisensory in function has yet to be demonstrated, this can now be considered established in the case of the human primary visual cortex.

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“…This phenomenon is often described as ''early sensory integration'', as it proposes that cross-modal effects occur early in time during the response and in areas that are generally regarded as lower (early) in the sensory hierarchy (Schroeder et al 2004;Foxe and Schroeder 2005;Ghazanfar and Schroeder 2006). It is worth noting that already several decades ago some studies suggested crossmodal interactions in lower sensory areas, but they perished in the mass of studies suggesting otherwise (Lomo and Mollica 1959;Murata et al 1965;Bental et al 1968;Spinelli et al 1968;Morrell 1972;Fishman and Michael 1973;Vaudano et al 1991).…”

Section: Functional Criteria For Sensory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Do early sensory cortices integrate cross-modal information?

2007

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Our different senses provide complementary evidence about the environment and their interaction often aids behavioral performance or alters the quality of the sensory percept. A traditional view defers the merging of sensory information to higher association cortices, and posits that a large part of the brain can be reduced into a collection of unisensory systems that can be studied in isolation. Recent studies, however, challenge this view and suggest that cross-modal interactions can already occur in areas hitherto regarded as unisensory. We review results from functional imaging and electrophysiology exemplifying cross-modal interactions that occur early during the evoked response, and at the earliest stages of sensory cortical processing. Although anatomical studies revealed several potential origins of these cross-modal influences, there is yet no clear relation between particular functional observations and specific anatomical connections. In addition, our view on sensory integration at the neuronal level is coined by many studies on subcortical model systems of sensory integration; yet, the patterns of cross-modal interaction in cortex deviate from these model systems in several ways. Consequently, future studies on cortical sensory integration need to leave the descriptive level and need to incorporate cross-modal influences into models of the organization of sensory processing. Only then will we be able to determine whether early cross-modal interactions truly merit the label sensory integration, and how they increase a sensory system's ability to scrutinize its environment and finally aid behavior.

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Auditory specificity in unit recordings from cat's visual cortex

Cited by 82 publications

References 17 publications

Multisensory anatomical pathways

Multisensory anatomical pathways

The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex

Do early sensory cortices integrate cross-modal information?

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