Auditory Perception: Relative Universals for Musical Pitch

Abstract

compared to active animals, despite the similarity in their blood osmolality. However, when plasma osmolality was further increased artificially by injection of a hypertonic solution, both the active, non-hibernating ground squirrels and the aroused hibernators responded by drinking, just like the active, nonhibernating ground squirrels. This result indicates that the hypothalamic circuitry that senses and responds to dehydration is intact and functional in hibernation. There is, however, an uncoupling of the release of ADH and drinking (thirst) such that thirst is suppressed during normal arousal despite normal ADH release and only activated when blood osmolality is artificially elevated.Further studies are needed to address several key questions that remain. How are such large swings in plasma osmolality tolerated by the ground squirrel's cells and tissues? Where exactly are the osmolytes sequestered during torpor, and how is the cyclical capture and release controlled? By what mechanism is thirst suppressed for many months of hibernation and how is the urge to drink uncoupled from the release of oxytocin and vasopressin? Uncovering the answers to these questions holds promise for improving solutions to human situations where body fluid homeostasis is challenged, including critical care medicine and space exploration.

Western listeners detect boundary hierarchy in Indian music: a segmentation study

“…Such studies could, for instance, compare different populations in order to address the long-standing question of universals in music perception, and further refine the description of the relative roles of culture and biology in creating e.g. preferences for fundamental (low-level) or emerging (high-level) features of music, such as consonance/dissonance 43,44 and other phenomena of pitch perception 45 or production 46 ; rhythm 47 ; emotion 48,49 and even of the function of music 14 .…”

Water Balance: Abstaining from Obtaining While Retaining

“…Careful monitoring confirmed the animals did not anticipate dehydration in torpor and thus did not drink water prior to entering torpor, as occurs prior to sleep [8]. Enhanced water recovery by the kidneys, signaled by elevated ADH in the blood (specifically in rodents, oxytocin and vasopressin) could also lower plasma osmolality during torpor.…”