Auditory hallucinations, top-down processing and language perception: a general population study

Boer, J N de; Linszen, Mascha M J; Vries, Jacqueline de; Schutte, Maya; Begemann, Marieke J H; Bohlken, Marc M.; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Alemán, André; Wijnen, Frank; Sommer, Iris

doi:10.1017/s003329171800380x

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Participants completed assessments of HEs, as well as source memory, dichotic listening, verbal working memory, and auditory signal detection tasks, and an assessment of adverse childhood events. Given recent focus on the prevalence and quality of online data collection (de Boer et al, 2019;Peer et al, 2017), we also sought to investigate the quality of data gained through online collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an international multi-site replication study

Moseley¹,

Alemán²,

Allen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can occur in both clinical and non-clinical groups. However, previous studies of the general population that have investigated cognitive mechanisms underlying HEs have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we ran a large-scale preregistered multi-site study, in which general population participants (N = 1394, across 11 data collection sites and online) completed assessments of HEs and source memory, dichotic listening, backwards digit span and auditory signal detection tasks, plus a measure of adverse childhood experiences. We found that HEs were associated with performance on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences, but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples need to be investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an international multi-site replication study

Moseley¹,

Alemán²,

Allen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…These percentages should hence be interpreted with caution [for an elaboration on this point, see Refs. (9, 11)]. Furthermore, similar to the Khandaker et al’s (8) study, we based the presence of atopic disorders on these self-reported data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Participants filled out demographic data (e.g., age, sex, handedness, highest level of education), followed by the QPE hallucination items. After two recognition tasks [results described by De Boer (11)], participants could progress to the QPE items on delusions and the questions evaluating atopic disorders (6,857 valid entries). The current sample was restricted by age (≥14 years), resulting in 6,479 participants with complete data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopy Increases Risk of Psychotic Experiences: A Large Population-Based Study

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Building upon the comorbidity between atopy and schizophrenia, we conducted a large cross-sectional, observational population-based study to examine if such associations also exist between atopic disorders (eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and nonclinical psychotic experiences. Methods: We examined psychotic experiences in a Dutch population sample through an online survey (≥14 years of age). Participants filled out the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences, together with questions screening for atopic disorders (eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma). Prevalence rates were calculated; binary logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) (age, gender, and years of education as covariates). Results: We included 6,479 participants. Individuals diagnosed with one or more atopic disorders had an increased risk of psychotic experiences as compared with controls (OR = 1.26). Analysis of individual symptoms revealed an OR of 1.27 for hallucinations, whereas delusions only showed a trend. With each additional atopic disorder, the risk of psychotic experiences increased. This was also observed for hallucinations alone but not for delusions alone. Atopy was associated with hallucinations across all modalities (OR ranging from 1.19 to 1.40). These results did not appear to be driven specifically by any one of the atopic disorders. Conclusion: In the largest population sample of adolescents and adults to date, we found that atopic disorders (asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis) increase the risk of psychotic experiences, in a dose–response fashion. These results provide further support for the role of immunological components in the predisposition for psychosis and can serve as a base for further research.

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“…However, although the QPE screening questionnaire has already been used as a self-report questionnaire (Begemann, Linszen, de Boer et al, 2019) to group participants in terms of presence/frequency of PLEs (de Boer, Linszen, de Vries et al, 2019), only the full QPE interview has been validated in a patient population so far (Rossell et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, Sommer and colleagues (2018) provided a short QPE screening questionnaire that only asks about the presence of hallucinatory and delusional experiences. However, although the QPE screening questionnaire has already been used as a self‐report questionnaire (Begemann, Linszen, de Boer et al ., 2019) to group participants in terms of presence/frequency of PLEs (de Boer, Linszen, de Vries et a l ., 2019), only the full QPE interview has been validated in a patient population so far (Rossell et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping psychotic‐like experiences: Results from an online survey

Kusztrits

Larøi

Laloyaux

et al. 2020

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Suggestions have been made that psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), such as hallucinatory and delusional experiences, exist on a continuum from healthy individuals to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. We used the screening questions of the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences (QPE), an interview that captures the presence and phenomenology of various psychotic experiences separately, to assess PLEs in Norway. Based on data from an online survey in a sample of more than 1,400 participants, we demonstrated that the QPE screening questions show satisfactory psychometric properties. Participants with mental disorders reported more frequent lifetime and current hallucinatory experiences than participants without mental disorders. Childhood experiences were rather low and ranged from 0.7% to 5.2%. We further replicated findings that young age, illegal drug use, lower level of education, and having parents with a mental disorder are associated with higher endorsement rates of PLEs. Finally, a binomial regression revealed that the mere presence of PLEs does not discriminate between individuals with and without a mental disorder. Taken together, the findings of the present study support existing models that both hallucinations and delusions exist on a structural and phenomenological continuum. Moreover, we demonstrated that the QPE screening questions can be used by themselves as a complementary tool to the full QPE interview.

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Auditory hallucinations, top-down processing and language perception: a general population study

Cited by 37 publications

References 63 publications

Correlates of hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an international multi-site replication study

Correlates of hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an international multi-site replication study

Atopy Increases Risk of Psychotic Experiences: A Large Population-Based Study

Mapping psychotic‐like experiences: Results from an online survey

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